Book Image

C++20 STL Cookbook

By : Bill Weinman
Book Image

C++20 STL Cookbook

By: Bill Weinman

Overview of this book

Fast, efficient, and flexible, the C++ programming language has come a long way and is used in every area of the industry to solve many problems. The latest version C++20 will see programmers change the way they code as it brings a whole array of features enabling the quick deployment of applications. This book will get you up and running with using the STL in the best way possible. Beginning with new language features in C++20, this book will help you understand the language's mechanics and library features and offer insights into how they work. Unlike other books, the C++20 STL Cookbook takes an implementation-specific, problem-solution approach that will help you overcome hurdles quickly. You'll learn core STL concepts, such as containers, algorithms, utility classes, lambda expressions, iterators, and more, while working on real-world recipes. This book is a reference guide for using the C++ STL with its latest capabilities and exploring the cutting-edge features in functional programming and lambda expressions. By the end of the book C++20 book, you'll be able to leverage the latest C++ features and save time and effort while solving tasks elegantly using the STL.

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Table of Contents (13 chapters)
Preface
About this book
Who this book is for
What this book covers
Conventions used
Sections
Get in touch
Share Your Thoughts
1
Chaper 1: New C++20 Features
Chaper 1: New C++20 Features
Technical requirements
Format text with the new format library
Use compile-time vectors and strings with constexpr
Safely compare integers of different types
Use the "spaceship" operator <=> for three-way comparisons
Easily find feature test macros with the <version> header
Create safer templates with concepts and constraints
Avoid re-compiling template libraries with modules
Create views into containers with ranges
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 2: General STL Features
Chapter 2: General STL Features
Technical requirements
Use the new span class to make your C-arrays safer
Use structured binding to return multiple values
Initialize variables within if and switch statements
Use template argument deduction for simplicity and clarity
Use if constexpr to simplify compile-time decisions
3
Chapter 3: STL Containers
Chapter 3: STL Containers
A quick overview of the STL container types
Technical requirements
Use uniform erasure functions to delete items from a container
Delete items from an unsorted vector in constant time
Access vector elements directly and safely
Keep vector elements sorted
Efficiently insert elements into a map
Efficiently modify the keys of map items
Use unordered_map with custom keys
Use set to sort and filter user input
A simple RPN calculator with deque
A word frequency counter with map
Find long sentences with a vector of vectors
A ToDo list using multimap
4
Chapter 4: Compatible Iterators
Chapter 4: Compatible Iterators
Iterators are fundamental
Technical requirements
Create an iterable range
Make your iterators compatible with STL iterator traits
Use iterator adapters to fill STL containers
Create a generator as iterators
Use reverse iterator adapters to iterate backward
Iterate objects of unknown length with a sentinel
Build a zip iterator adapter
Create a random-access iterator
5
Chapter 5: Lambda Expressions
Chapter 5: Lambda Expressions
Lambda expressions
Technical requirements
Use lambdas for scoped reusable code
Use lambdas as predicates with the algorithm library
Use std::function as a polymorphic wrapper
Concatenate lambdas with recursion
Combine predicates with logical conjunction
Call multiple lambdas with the same input
Use mapped lambdas for a jump table
6
Chapter 6: STL Algorithms
Chapter 6: STL Algorithms
Technical requirements
Copy from one iterator to another
Join container elements into a string
Sort containers with std::sort
Modify containers with std::transform
Find items in a container
Limit the values of a container to a range with std::clamp
Sample data sets with std::sample
Generate permutations of data sequences
Merge sorted containers
7
Chapter 7: Strings, Streams, and Formatting
Chapter 7: Strings, Streams, and Formatting
String formatting
Technical requirements
Use string_view as a lightweight string object
Concatenate strings
Transform strings
Format text with C++20's format library
Trim whitespace from strings
Read strings from user input
Count words in a file
Initialize complex structures from file input
Customize a string class with char_traits
Parse strings with Regular Expressions
8
Chapter 8: Utility Classes
Chapter 8: Utility Classes
Technical requirements
Manage optional values with std::optional
Use std::any for type safety
Store different types with std::variant
Time events with std::chrono
Use fold expressions for variadic tuples
Manage allocated memory with std::unique_ptr
Share objects with std::shared_ptr
Use weak pointers with shared objects
Share members of a managed object
Compare random number engines
Compare random number distribution generators
9
Chapter 9: Concurrency and Parallelism
Chapter 9: Concurrency and Parallelism
Technical requirements
Sleep for a specific amount of time
Use std::thread for concurrency
Use std::async for concurrency
Run STL algorithms in parallel with execution policies
Share data safely with mutex and locks
Share flags and values with std::atomic
Initialize threads with std::call_once
Use std::condition_variable to resolve the producer-consumer problem
Implement multiple producers and consumers
10
Chapter 10: Using the File System
Chapter 10: Using the File System
Technical requirements
Specialize std::formatter for the path class
Use manipulation functions with path
List files in a directory
Search directories and files with a grep utility
Rename files with regex and directory_iterator
Create a disk usage counter
11
Chapter 11: A Few More Ideas
Chapter 11: A Few More Ideas
Technical requirement
Create a trie class for search suggestions
Calculate the error sum of two vectors
Build your own algorithm: split
Leverage existing algorithms: gather
Remove consecutive whitespace
Convert numbers to words
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12
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What this book covers

Chaper 1, New C++20 Features, introduces the new STL features in C++20. It aims to familiarize you with the new language features so you may use them with the STL.

Chapter 2, General STL Features, discusses modern STL features added in recent C++ versions.

Chapter 3, STL Containers, covers the STL's comprehensive library of containers.

Chapter 4, Compatible Iterators, shows how to use and create STL-compatible iterators.

Chapter 5, Lambda Expressions, covers the use of lambdas with STL functions and algorithms.

Chapter 6, STL Algorithms, provides recipes for using and creating STL-compatible algorithms.

Chapter 7, Strings, Stream, and Formatting, describes the STL string and formatter classes.

Chapter 8, Utility Classes, covers STL utilities for date-and-time, smart pointers, optionals, and more.

Chapter 9, Concurrency and Parallelism, describes support for concurrency, including threads, async, atomic types, and more.

Chapter 10, Using the File System, covers the std::filesystem classes and how to put them to use with the latest advancements that came out with C++20.

Chapter 11, A Few More Ideas, provides a few more solutions, including a trie class, string split, and more. This provides advanced examples on how to put the STL to use for real-world problems.

The recipes in this book use the GCC compiler

Unless otherwise noted, most of the recipes in this book have been developed and tested using the GCC compiler, version 11.2, the latest stable version as of this writing.

As I write this, C++20 is still new and is not fully implemented on any available compiler. Of the three major compilers, GCC (GNU), MSVC (Microsoft), and Clang (Apple), the MSVC compiler is furthest along in implementing the new standard. Occasionally, we may run into a feature that is implemented on MSVC or another compiler, but not on GCC, in which case I will note which compiler I used. If a feature is not yet implemented on any available compiler, I will explain that I was unable to test it.

I strongly recommend that you install GCC to follow along with the recipes in this book. GCC is freely available under the GNU General Public License (GPL). The easiest way to get the latest version of GCC is to install Debian Linux (also GPL) and use apt with the testing repository.

If you are using the digital version of this book, we suggest you type the code yourself or download the code from the GitHub repository (link in the next section). This will avoid errors due to copying and pasting formatted code from the e-book.

Download the example code files

You can download the example code files for this book from GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/CPP-20-STL-Cookbook. In the event of updates and errata, code will be updated on the GitHub repository.

We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!

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