Book Image

C++ System Programming Cookbook

By : Onorato Vaticone
Book Image

C++ System Programming Cookbook

By: Onorato Vaticone

Overview of this book

C++ is the preferred language for system programming due to its efficient low-level computation, data abstraction, and object-oriented features. System programming is about designing and writing computer programs that interact closely with the underlying operating system and allow computer hardware to interface with the programmer and the user. The C++ System Programming Cookbook will serve as a reference for developers who want to have ready-to-use solutions for the essential aspects of system programming using the latest C++ standards wherever possible. This C++ book starts out by giving you an overview of system programming and refreshing your C++ knowledge. Moving ahead, you will learn how to deal with threads and processes, before going on to discover recipes for how to manage memory. The concluding chapters will then help you understand how processes communicate and how to interact with the console (console I/O). Finally, you will learn how to deal with time interfaces, signals, and CPU scheduling. By the end of the book, you will become adept at developing robust systems applications using C++.

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Table of Contents (13 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Sections
Get in touch
1
Getting Started with System Programming
Getting Started with System Programming
Technical requirements
Learning the Linux fundamentals - architecture
Learning the Linux fundamentals - shell
Learning the Linux fundamentals - users
Using a makefile to compile and link a program
Using GDB to debug a program
Learning the Linux fundamentals - processes and threads
Handling a Linux bash error
Handling Linux code error
Free Chapter
2
Revisiting C++
Revisiting C++
Technical requirements
Understanding C++ primitive types
Lambda expressions
Automatic type deduction and decltype
Learning how atomic works
Learning how nullptr works
Smart pointers – unique_ptr and shared_ptr
Learning how move semantics works
Understanding concurrency
Understanding the filesystem
The C++ Core Guidelines
Adding GSL in your makefile
Understanding concepts
Using span
Learning how Ranges work
Learning how modules work
3
Dealing with Processes and Threads
Dealing with Processes and Threads
Technical requirements
Starting a new process
Killing a process
Creating a new thread
Creating a daemon process
4
Deep Dive into Memory Management
Deep Dive into Memory Management
Technical requirements
Learning automatic versus dynamic memory
Learning when to use unique_ptr, and the implications for size
Learning when to use shared_ptr, and the implications for size
Allocating aligned memory
Checking whether the memory allocated is aligned
Dealing with memory-mapped I/O
Dealing with allocators hands-on
5
Using Mutexes, Semaphores, and Condition Variables
Using Mutexes, Semaphores, and Condition Variables
Technical requirements
Using POSIX mutexes
Using POSIX semaphores
POSIX semaphores advanced usage
Synchronization building blocks
Learning inter-thread communication with simple events
Learning inter-thread communication with condition variables
6
Pipes, First-In First-Out (FIFO), Message Queues, and Shared Memory
Pipes, First-In First-Out (FIFO), Message Queues, and Shared Memory
Technical requirements
Learning the different types of IPC
Learning how to use the oldest form of IPC – pipes
Learning how to use FIFO
Learning how to use message queues
Learning how to use shared memory
7
Network Programming
Network Programming
Technical requirements
Learning the basics of connection-oriented communication
Learning the basics of connectionless-oriented communication
Learning what a communication endpoint is 
Learning to use TCP/IP to communicate with processes on another machine
Learning to use UDP/IP to communicate with processes on another machine
Dealing with endianness
8
Dealing with Console I/O and Files
Dealing with Console I/O and Files
Technical requirements
Implementing I/O to and from the console
Learning how to manipulate I/O strings
Working with files
9
Dealing with Time Interfaces
Dealing with Time Interfaces
Technical requirements
Learning about the C++ time interface
Using the C++20 calendar and time zone
Learning the Linux timing
Dealing with time sleep and overruns
10
Managing Signals
Managing Signals
Technical requirements
Learning all of the signals and their default actions
Learning how to ignore a signal
Learning how to trap a signal
Learning how to send a signal to another process
11
Scheduling
Scheduling
Technical requirements
Learning to set and get a scheduler policy
Learning to get the timeslice value
Learning how to set a nice value
Learning how to yield the processor
Learning about processor affinity
12
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Learning the Linux timing

Before C++11, the Standard Library did not contain any direct time-management support, so system developers had to use external sources. By external, we mean either an external library (for example, Boost (https://www.boost.org/)) or OS-specific APIs. We believe it's necessary that a system developer understands the concept of time in terms of Linux. This recipe will help you master concepts such as clock, time point, and duration by using the POSIX standard.

How to do it...

In this recipe, we'll write a program so that we can learn about the concepts of clock, time point, and duration in terms of Linux. Let's get started:

  1. In a shell, create a new file named...
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