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Nmap: Network Exploration and Security Auditing Cookbook

Nmap: Network Exploration and Security Auditing Cookbook - Second Edition

By : Paulino Calderon
4.7 (3)
Buy this Book
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Nmap: Network Exploration and Security Auditing Cookbook

Nmap: Network Exploration and Security Auditing Cookbook

4.7 (3)
By: Paulino Calderon
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

This is the second edition of ‘Nmap 6: Network Exploration and Security Auditing Cookbook’. A book aimed for anyone who wants to master Nmap and its scripting engine through practical tasks for system administrators and penetration testers. Besides introducing the most powerful features of Nmap and related tools, common security auditing tasks for local and remote networks, web applications, databases, mail servers, Microsoft Windows machines and even ICS SCADA systems are explained step by step with exact commands and argument explanations. The book starts with the basic usage of Nmap and related tools like Ncat, Ncrack, Ndiff and Zenmap. The Nmap Scripting Engine is thoroughly covered through security checks used commonly in real-life scenarios applied for different types of systems. New chapters for Microsoft Windows and ICS SCADA systems were added and every recipe was revised. This edition reflects the latest updates and hottest additions to the Nmap project to date. The book will also introduce you to Lua programming and NSE script development allowing you to extend further the power of Nmap.
Table of Contents (18 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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What this book covers
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What you need for this book
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Who this book is for
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Sections
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Conventions
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Reader feedback
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Customer support
Lock Free Chapter
1
Nmap Fundamentals
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Nmap Fundamentals
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Introduction
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Building Nmap's source code
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Finding live hosts in your network
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Listing open ports on a target host
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Fingerprinting OS and services running on a target host
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Using NSE scripts against a target host
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Reading targets from a file
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Scanning an IP address ranges
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Scanning random targets on the Internet
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Collecting signatures of web servers
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Monitoring servers remotely with Nmap and Ndiff
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Crafting ICMP echo replies with Nping
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Managing multiple scanning profiles with Zenmap
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Running Lua scripts against a network connection with Ncat
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Discovering systems with weak passwords with Ncrack
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Launching Nmap scans remotely from a web browser using Rainmap Lite
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Network Exploration
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Network Exploration
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Introduction
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Discovering hosts with TCP SYN ping scans
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Discovering hosts with TCP ACK ping scans
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Discovering hosts with UDP ping scans
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Discovering hosts with ICMP ping scans
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Discovering hosts with SCTP INIT ping scans
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Discovering hosts with IP protocol ping scans
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Discovering hosts with ARP ping scans
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Performing advanced ping scans
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Discovering hosts with broadcast ping scans
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Scanning IPv6 addresses
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Gathering network information with broadcast scripts
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Scanning through proxies
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Spoofing the origin IP of a scan
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Reconnaissance Tasks
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Reconnaissance Tasks
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Introduction
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Performing IP address geolocation
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Getting information from WHOIS records
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Obtaining traceroute geolocation information
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Querying Shodan to obtain target information
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Checking whether a host is flagged by Google Safe Browsing for malicious activities
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Collecting valid e-mail accounts and IP addresses from web servers
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Discovering hostnames pointing to the same IP address
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Discovering hostnames by brute forcing DNS records
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Obtaining profile information from Google's People API
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Matching services with public vulnerability advisories
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Scanning Web Servers
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Scanning Web Servers
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Introduction
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Listing supported HTTP methods
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Checking whethera web server is an open proxy
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Discovering interesting files and folders in web servers
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Abusing mod_userdir to enumerate user accounts
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Brute forcing HTTP authentication
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Brute forcing web applications
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Detecting web application firewalls
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Detecting possible XST vulnerabilities
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Detecting XSS vulnerabilities
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Finding SQL injection vulnerabilities
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Detecting web servers vulnerable to slowloris denial of service attacks
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Finding web applications with default credentials
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Detecting web applications vulnerable to Shellshock
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Detecting insecure cross-domain policies
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Detecting exposed source code control systems
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Auditing the strength of cipher suites in SSL servers
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Scrapping e-mail accounts from web servers
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Scanning Databases
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Scanning Databases
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Introduction
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Listing MySQL databases
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Listing MySQL users
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Listing MySQL variables
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Brute forcing MySQL passwords
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Finding root accounts with an empty password in MySQL servers
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Detecting insecure configurations in MySQL servers
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Brute forcing Oracle passwords
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Brute forcing Oracle SID names
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Retrieving information from MS SQL servers
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Brute forcing MS SQL passwords
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Dumping password hashes of MS SQL servers
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Running commands through xp_cmdshell in MS SQL servers
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Finding system administrator accounts with empty passwords in MS SQL servers
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Obtaining information from MS SQL servers with NTLM enabled
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Retrieving MongoDB server information
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Detecting MongoDB instances with no authentication enabled
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Listing MongoDB databases
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Listing CouchDB databases
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Retrieving CouchDB database statistics
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Detecting Cassandra databases with no authentication enabled
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Brute forcing Redis passwords
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Scanning Mail Servers
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Scanning Mail Servers
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Introduction
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Detecting SMTP open relays
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Brute forcing SMTP passwords
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Detecting suspicious SMTP servers
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Enumerating SMTP usernames
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Brute forcing IMAP passwords
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Retrieving the capabilities of an IMAP server
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Brute forcing POP3 passwords
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Retrieving the capabilities of a POP3 server
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Retrieving information from SMTP servers with NTLM authentication
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Scanning Windows Systems
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Scanning Windows Systems
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Introduction
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Obtaining system information from SMB
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Detecting Windows clients with SMB signing disabled
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Detecting IIS web servers that disclose Windows 8.3 names
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Detecting Windows hosts vulnerable to MS08-067
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Retrieving the NetBIOS name and MAC address of a host
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Enumerating user accounts of Windows hosts
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Enumerating shared folders
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Enumerating SMB sessions
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Finding domain controllers
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Detecting Shadow Brokers' DOUBLEPULSAR SMB implants
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Scanning ICS SCADA Systems
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Scanning ICS SCADA Systems
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Introduction
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Finding common ports used in ICS SCADA systems
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Finding HMI systems
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Enumerating Siemens SIMATIC S7 PLCs
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Enumerating Modbus devices
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Enumerating BACnet devices
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Enumerating Ethernet/IP devices
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Enumerating Niagara Fox devices
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Enumerating ProConOS devices
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Enumerating Omrom PLC devices
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Enumerating PCWorx devices
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Optimizing Scans
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Optimizing Scans
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Introduction
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Skipping phases to speed up scans
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Selecting the correct timing template
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Adjusting timing parameters
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Adjusting performance parameters
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Distributing a scan among several clients using Dnmap
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Generating Scan Reports
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Generating Scan Reports
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Introduction
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Saving scan results in a normal format
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Saving scan results in an XML format
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Saving scan results to a SQLite database
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Saving scan results in a grepable format
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Generating a network topology graph with Zenmap
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Generating HTML scan reports
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Reporting vulnerability checks
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Generating PDF reports with fop
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Saving NSE reports in ElasticSearch
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Writing Your Own NSE Scripts
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Writing Your Own NSE Scripts
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Introduction
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Making HTTP requests to identify vulnerable supermicro IPMI/BMC controllers
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Sending UDP payloads using NSE sockets
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Generating vulnerability reports in NSE scripts
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Exploiting a path traversal vulnerability with NSE
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Writing brute force password auditing scripts
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Crawling web servers to detect vulnerabilities
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Working with NSE threads, condition variables, and mutexes in NSE
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Writing a new NSE library in Lua
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Writing a new NSE library in C/C++
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Getting your scripts ready for submission
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HTTP, HTTP Pipelining, and Web Crawling Configuration Options
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HTTP, HTTP Pipelining, and Web Crawling Configuration Options
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HTTP user agent
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HTTP pipelining
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Configuring the NSE library httpspider
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Brute Force Password Auditing Options
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Brute Force Password Auditing Options
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Brute modes
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NSE Debugging
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NSE Debugging
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Debugging NSE scripts
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Exception handling
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Additional Output Options
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Additional Output Options
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Saving output in all formats
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Appending Nmap output logs
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Including debugging information in output logs
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Including the reason for a port or host state
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OS detection in verbose mode
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Introduction to Lua
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Introduction to Lua
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Flow control structures
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Data types
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String handling
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Concatenation
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Common data structures
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I/O operations
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Coroutines
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Metatables
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Things to remember when working with Lua
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References and Additional Reading
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References and Additional Reading

Brute forcing MySQL passwords

There are several methods to obtain valid MySQL usernames. For example, web servers sometimes return database connection errors that reveal the MySQL username used by the web application. Penetration testers could use this information to perform brute force password auditing attacks and obtain access to sensitive information.

This recipe describes how to launch dictionary attacks against MySQL servers with Nmap.

How to do it...

To perform brute force password auditing against MySQL servers, use the following command:

$ nmap -p3306 --script mysql-brute <target>

If valid credentials are found, they will be included in the mysql-brute output section:

   3306/tcp open  mysql 
   | mysql-brute:   
   |   root:<empty> => Valid credentials 
   |_  test:test => Valid credentials

How it works...

The mysql-brute script was written by Patrik Karlsson, and it is helpful when auditing MySQL servers for weak passwords. It performs dictionary attacks to find valid...

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