Book Image

Practical Linux Security Cookbook - Second Edition

By : Tajinder Kalsi
Book Image

Practical Linux Security Cookbook - Second Edition

By: Tajinder Kalsi

Overview of this book

Over the last few years, system security has gained a lot of momentum and software professionals are focusing heavily on it. Linux is often treated as a highly secure operating system. However, the reality is that Linux has its share of security ?aws, and these security ?aws allow attackers to get into your system and modify or even destroy your important data. But there’s no need to panic, since there are various mechanisms by which these ?aws can be removed, and this book will help you learn about different types of Linux security to create a more secure Linux system. With a step-by-step recipe approach, the book starts by introducing you to various threats to Linux systems. Then, this book will walk you through customizing the Linux kernel and securing local files. Next, you will move on to managing user authentication both locally and remotely and mitigating network attacks. Later, you will learn about application security and kernel vulnerabilities. You will also learn about patching Bash vulnerability, packet filtering, handling incidents, and monitoring system logs. Finally, you will learn about auditing using system services and performing vulnerability scanning on Linux. By the end of this book, you will be able to secure your Linux systems and create a robust environment.
Table of Contents (20 chapters)
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Contributors
Packt Upsell
Preface
Index

Viewing files and directory details using ls


The ls command is used to list files in a directory, and it is similar to the dir command in DOS. This command can be used with various parameters to give different results.

Getting ready

Since the ls command is a built-in command in Linux, we don't need to install anything else to use it.

How to do it…

Now, let’s take a look at how we can use ls in different ways to get a variety of results by just following these steps:

  1. To take a look at the simple listing of files in a current directory, type ls:
  1. To get more information about the files and directories listed using the ls command, add a type identifier as shown here:
  1. When the preceding identifier is used, the executable files have an asterisk at the end of the name, while the directories have a slash, and so on. To check out details of files, such as the creation dates, owners, and permissions, run a command with the l identifier, as shown here:
  1. To find a listing of all the hidden files in the current...