Book Image

Demystifying Cryptography with OpenSSL 3.0

By : Alexei Khlebnikov
Book Image

Demystifying Cryptography with OpenSSL 3.0

By: Alexei Khlebnikov

Overview of this book

Security and networking are essential features of software today. The modern internet is full of worms, Trojan horses, men-in-the-middle, and other threats. This is why maintaining security is more important than ever. OpenSSL is one of the most widely used and essential open source projects on the internet for this purpose. If you are a software developer, system administrator, network security engineer, or DevOps specialist, you’ve probably stumbled upon this toolset in the past – but how do you make the most out of it? With the help of this book, you will learn the most important features of OpenSSL, and gain insight into its full potential. This book contains step-by-step explanations of essential cryptography and network security concepts, as well as practical examples illustrating the usage of those concepts. You’ll start by learning the basics, such as how to perform symmetric encryption and calculate message digests. Next, you will discover more about cryptography: MAC and HMAC, public and private keys, and digital signatures. As you progress, you will explore best practices for using X.509 certificates, public key infrastructure, and TLS connections. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to use the most popular features of OpenSSL, allowing you to implement cryptography and TLS in your applications and network infrastructure.
Table of Contents (20 chapters)
1
Part 1: Introduction
3
Part 2: Symmetric Cryptography
8
Part 3: Asymmetric Cryptography and Certificates
12
Part 4: TLS Connections and Secure Communication
16
Part 5: Running a Mini-CA

HMAC – a hash-based MAC

Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) is a MAC that is generated by the HMAC function.

The HMAC function uses a cryptographic hash function and a secret key. The function is not overly complex and can be understood by many non-cryptographers. It is defined as follows:

HMAC(K, message) = H(K' XOR opad ‖ H(K' XOR ipad ‖ message))

Here, the following can be understood:

  • Message: This is the message to be authenticated.
  • H: This is the hash function, for example, SHA3-256.
  • K: This is the secret key.
  • K': This is a block-sized key derived from K depending on the hash function’s internal block size, B.
  • ipad: This is the inner padding, consisting of byte 0x36, which is repeated B times.
  • opad: This is the outer padding, consisting of byte 0x5C, which is repeated B times.
  • ‖: This refers to a concatenation.

Note that K' is derived from K, as follows:

  • If...