Book Image

Demystifying Cryptography with OpenSSL 3.0

By : Alexei Khlebnikov
Book Image

Demystifying Cryptography with OpenSSL 3.0

By: Alexei Khlebnikov

Overview of this book

Security and networking are essential features of software today. The modern internet is full of worms, Trojan horses, men-in-the-middle, and other threats. This is why maintaining security is more important than ever. OpenSSL is one of the most widely used and essential open source projects on the internet for this purpose. If you are a software developer, system administrator, network security engineer, or DevOps specialist, you’ve probably stumbled upon this toolset in the past – but how do you make the most out of it? With the help of this book, you will learn the most important features of OpenSSL, and gain insight into its full potential. This book contains step-by-step explanations of essential cryptography and network security concepts, as well as practical examples illustrating the usage of those concepts. You’ll start by learning the basics, such as how to perform symmetric encryption and calculate message digests. Next, you will discover more about cryptography: MAC and HMAC, public and private keys, and digital signatures. As you progress, you will explore best practices for using X.509 certificates, public key infrastructure, and TLS connections. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to use the most popular features of OpenSSL, allowing you to implement cryptography and TLS in your applications and network infrastructure.
Table of Contents (20 chapters)
1
Part 1: Introduction
3
Part 2: Symmetric Cryptography
8
Part 3: Asymmetric Cryptography and Certificates
12
Part 4: TLS Connections and Secure Communication
16
Part 5: Running a Mini-CA

How to calculate HMAC on the command line

Now we will learn how to calculate HMAC on the command line. To do this, we need to instruct the openssl tool on which type of MAC function to run and which underlying function to use. The MAC function will be HMAC, and for the underlying function, let’s choose the SHA-256 hash function.

The openssl tool provides two methods of HMAC calculation:

  • Using the openssl dgst subcommand. This is the same subcommand that we used to calculate a message digest in the previous chapter.
  • Using the openssl mac subcommand. A new subcommand was introduced in OpenSSL 3.0.

We will learn how to use both methods.

As usual, first, let’s generate a sample file that we will use as input for HMAC calculation:

$ seq 20000 >somefile.txt

HMAC calculation requires a secret key. So, let’s generate it:

$ openssl rand -hex 32
df036c471b612f8ad099078d8e3bd9c64339e7aeab56ec75e2222c415db113de

Here is how you calculate...