Interoperability
Interoperability is the ability of different platforms, systems, or technologies to work together (inter-operate) seamlessly or to exchange and use information in a compatible and effective manner. Within IAM, this refers to systems specifically, and of course, not all systems will be interoperable in this manner. For instance, you might find that web applications that normally use OAuth cannot use Kerberos authentication.
To address these challenges, the design of cloud networks often necessitates the adoption of alternative standard protocols or frameworks to facilitate interoperability between web applications using standardized communication protocols that all applicable systems can understand. These protocols define rules for data exchange, making it easier for different components to communicate. Examples include HTTP/HTTPS for web applications and LDAP for directory services.