In order to gain the most benefit from the practical aspects of this book, you will need to have a virtualization environment set up. This can be set up using VMware or VirtualBox. Hyper-V will work, but there is a restriction that does not allow you to link a wireless card directly to the virtual machine. This prevents you from performing wireless attacks if you have a compatible wireless card.

We also provide a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots/diagrams used in this book. You can download it here: http://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/9781838640163_ColorImages.pdf.

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

CodeInText: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: "We will leverage the pip command to install the required shodan files."

A block of code is set as follows:

#!/bin/bash 
cat shodan-iis.txt | while read line
do
nmap -sS -sV $line
done

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

unsigned char buf[] = 
"\xbd\xa1\xe2\xe6\x8b\xd9\xeb\xd9\x74\x24\xf4\x5f\x2b\xc9\x66"

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python2.7

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see on screen. For example, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in the text like this. Here is an example: "You will notice that the interval is 0.102400 [Seconds]."