In some cases, you might want to bypass the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable. For example, if you're using the template system by itself, you likely don't want to have to set up an environment variable pointing to a settings module. In these cases, you can configure Django's settings manually. Do this by calling:
django.conf.settings.configure(default_settings, **settings)
Example:
from django.conf import settings settings.configure(DEBUG=True, TEMPLATE_DEBUG=True)
Pass configure() as many keyword arguments as you'd like, with each keyword argument representing a setting and its value. Each argument name should be all uppercase, with the same name as the settings described above. If a particular setting is not passed to configure() and is needed at some later point, Django will use the default setting value.
Configuring Django in this fashion is mostly necessary-and, indeed, recommended-when you're using a piece of the framework inside a larger application. Consequently, when configured via settings.configure(), Django will not make any modifications to the process environment variables (see the documentation of TIME_ZONE for why this would normally occur). It's assumed that you're already in full control of your environment in these cases.
If you'd like default values to come from somewhere other than django.conf.global_settings, you can pass in a module or class that provides the default settings as the default_settings argument (or as the first positional argument) in the call to configure(). In this example, default settings are taken from myapp_defaults, and the DEBUG setting is set to True, regardless of its value in myapp_defaults:
from django.conf import settings from myapp import myapp_defaults settings.configure(default_settings=myapp_defaults, DEBUG=True)
The following example, which uses myapp_defaults as a positional argument, is equivalent:
settings.configure(myapp_defaults, DEBUG=True)
Normally, you will not need to override the defaults in this fashion. The Django defaults are sufficiently tame that you can safely use them. Be aware that if you do pass in a new default module, it entirely replaces the Django defaults, so you must specify a value for every possible setting that might be used in that code you are importing. Check in django.conf.settings.global_settings for the full list.
If you're not setting the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable, you must call configure() at some point before using any code that reads settings. If you don't set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE and don't call configure(), Django will raise an ImportError exception the first time a setting is accessed. If you set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE, access settings values somehow, then call configure(), Django will raise a RuntimeError indicating that settings have already been configured. There is a property just for this purpose:
django.conf.settings.configured
For example:
from django.conf import settings
if not settings.configured:
settings.configure(myapp_defaults, DEBUG=True)
Also, it's an error to call configure() more than once, or to call configure() after any setting has been accessed. It boils down to this: Use exactly one of either configure() or DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE. Not both, and not neither.