Book Image

Clean Code in PHP

By : Carsten Windler, Alexandre Daubois
5 (1)
Book Image

Clean Code in PHP

5 (1)
By: Carsten Windler, Alexandre Daubois

Overview of this book

PHP is a beginner-friendly language, but also one that is rife with complaints of bad code,;yet no clean code books are specific to PHP. Enter Clean Code in PHP. This book is a one-stop guide to learning the theory and best practices of clean code specific to real-world PHP app development environments. This PHP book is cleanly split to help you navigate through coding practices and theories to understand and adopt the nuances of the clean code paradigm. In addition to covering best practices, tooling for code quality, and PHP design patterns, this book also presents tips and techniques for working on large-scale PHP apps with a team and writing effective documentation for your PHP projects. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to write human-friendly PHP code, which will fuel your PHP career growth and set you apart from the competition.

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Table of Contents (18 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Share Your Thoughts
1
Part 1 – Introducing Clean Code
Part 1 – Introducing Clean Code
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 1: What Is Clean Code and Why Should You Care?
Chapter 1: What Is Clean Code and Why Should You Care?
What this book will cover
Understanding what clean code is
The importance of clean code in teams
The importance of clean code in personal projects
Summary
3
Chapter 2: Who Gets to Decide What “Good Practices” Are?
Chapter 2: Who Gets to Decide What “Good Practices” Are?
Who decides these things anyway?
Best practices – where do they really come from?
Being context-aware
Being consistent – get results quicker
Summary
4
Chapter 3: Code, Don’t Do Stunts
Chapter 3: Code, Don’t Do Stunts
Understanding code
Be understood, not clever
A note on maintainability
Summary
5
Chapter 4: It is about More Than Just Code
Chapter 4: It is about More Than Just Code
PHP as an ecosystem
Choosing the right libraries
A word about semantic versioning
Stability versus trends
Summary
6
Chapter 5: Optimizing Your Time and Separating Responsibilities
Chapter 5: Optimizing Your Time and Separating Responsibilities
Naming and organizational conventions
Separating responsibilities
Demystifying polymorphism – interfaces and abstract classes
Summary
7
Chapter 6: PHP is Evolving – Deprecations and Revolutions
Chapter 6: PHP is Evolving – Deprecations and Revolutions
Old versus new PHP
The version 8 revolution
Summary
8
Part 2 – Maintaining Code Quality
Part 2 – Maintaining Code Quality
9
Chapter 7: Code Quality Tools
Chapter 7: Code Quality Tools
Technical requirements
Syntax checking and code styling
Static Code Analysis
IDE extensions
Summary
Further reading
10
Chapter 8: Code Quality Metrics
Chapter 8: Code Quality Metrics
Technical requirements
Introducing code quality metrics
Gathering metrics in PHP
The pros and cons of using metrics
Summary
Further reading
11
Chapter 9: Organizing PHP Quality Tools
Chapter 9: Organizing PHP Quality Tools
Technical requirements
Installing code quality tools using Composer
Installing code quality tools as phar files
Managing phar files using Phive
Summary
12
Chapter 10: Automated Testing
Chapter 10: Automated Testing
Technical requirements
Why you need automated tests
Types of automated tests
About code coverage
Summary
Further reading
13
Chapter 11: Continuous Integration
Chapter 11: Continuous Integration
Technical requirements
Why you need CI
The build pipeline
Building a pipeline with GitHub Actions
Your local pipeline – Git hooks
Excursion – Adding CI to existing software
An outlook on CD
Summary
Further reading
14
Chapter 12: Working in a Team
Chapter 12: Working in a Team
Technical requirements
Coding standards
Coding guidelines
Code reviews
Design patterns
Summary
Further reading
15
Chapter 13: Creating Effective Documentation
Chapter 13: Creating Effective Documentation
Technical requirements
Why documentation matters
Creating documentation
Inline documentation
Summary
Further reading
16
Index
Index
Why subscribe?
17
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Types of automated tests

Although unit tests are probably the most known type of automated testing, there is more to discover. In this section, we will introduce the most common (and important) test types. A well-known testing concept is the testing pyramid, which is shown here:

Figure 10.1: Testing pyramid

This concept basically shows three types of tests—namely, end-to-end tests (or E2E tests in short), integration tests, and unit tests. We will explain each test type and its position in the testing pyramid in the following sections.

Unit tests

As the name implies, unit tests are about testing small units of code. It is best practice to write one test for each functionality of an object only; otherwise, the tests will become bigger and harder to understand and maintain. This keeps the tests small as well, and that is why there is usually a lot of them. Depending on the project size, having hundreds or thousands of unit tests is completely normal...

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