HTML5 introduces new semantics and many new cool features, such as Application Cache, 2D Canvas, Geolocation, Local and Session Storage, Web Workers, and support for audio and video. The jQuery Mobile framework is built on HTML5 and CSS3, and provides excellent support for these new semantics and new features. This chapter introduces some of these features that you can use in your jQuery Mobile apps.
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There are many resources on the web for learning HTML5. To mention a few, you can read more at HTML5 Rocks (http://www.html5rocks.com/en), HTML5 Demos (http://www.html5demos.com), and the Mozilla Developer Network (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/HTML5).
The support for HTML5 elements and features on various browsers and platforms is varied. You will have to take care while using a particular feature and ensure that it works on your target platforms. This level of support continues to improve with every passing day.
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http://www.caniuse.com has a good reference...