While this certainly isn't an exhaustive look at the guts of Knockout, which you probably wouldn't want anyway, you should at least have a good understanding of how Knockout gets most of the important things done. This chapter covered dependency tracking, the prototype (fn) chain, the binding expression parser, how ko.applyBindings works, how Knockout handles templates, and the ko.utils namespace. Hopefully, you will feel comfortable with how each of these systems work internally. Knowing how these pieces fit together should help you in troubleshooting those really tricky bugs.