Let's start with the very first test development pattern: the Record and Playback pattern. This is the starting point with majority of Selenium and other automated user interface testing tools. The idea behind this approach of test development is to allow the user to record their normal testing activities and play them back through the testing tool at a later date.
Having a tool record our interaction with the application has several advantages; chief among them is the speed at which we can grow our test suite. Let's take a look at individual advantages:
Fast test growth: This is the biggest selling point in most commercial tools available. A user is able to record new individual tests as fast as he or she can click on links. A large test suite can be created in hours instead of weeks.
No previous experience: It does not require any experience with programming language, just click on the record button and click around. Let the tool write the actual test code.
Element lookup: It is incredibly easy and useful, and there is no need to look at the page source to find the button by hand. Just click on record, click on the desired button, and the element location is recorded in the test for you.
The commercial testing tools will give you a very large list of great features, which may sound too good to be true. In actuality, these features probably are too good to be true; every recording tool has these and many more disadvantages:
Bad locators: These are a common problem with recording tools. Often a tool will record the absolute path to an element. If the desired button shifts left or right on the page, the playback of the test might fail even though the application works perfectly fine.
Inflexible tests: These are the only output from recording tools. Since the playback is identical to the recording process, the final result is an identical copy of the recording. However, what if a test needs to register a new unique user for each run? To accommodate this task, it often takes more time than to write the test by hand in a programming language.
Hardcoded test data: It is a big problem if your tests need to be flexible and use different data depending on the environment. We will discuss test data in Chapter 4, Data-driven Testing.
Poorly written tests: Just like many WYSWYG tools available for writing code, the task of creating something is simple. However, the maintenance becomes incredibly difficult, as variable names and method names might be poorly named or strangely nested within each other.
Duplicate code: It is one of the examples of poorly written tests. Most recording tools are not intelligent enough to detect duplicate steps and will not reuse existing code. See the The DRY testing pattern section in Chapter 3, Refactoring Tests.