Deployment is not a term everyone is familiar with; if you were not a web developer until recently, you would have been, probably, unfamiliar with it. In a rough Spartan way, one could define deployment as the act of preparing and presenting your application to the world, assuring the required resources are available, and tuning it, as a configuration suitable for the development phase is not the same as one appropriate for deployment. In a web development context, we are talking about a few very specific actions:
Placing your code in a server
Setting up your database
Setting up your HTTP server
Setting up other services you may use
Tying everything together