The Turing test was developed by Alan Turing in order to answer the question of whether machines could ever be considered as having the ability to think. In the 1960s, a program called Eliza was created, which was one of the first programs that would attempt to pass this test.
The Turing test was developed when the concept of machine learning was in its infancy (Turing himself, in fact, contributed to this field). Now, we have systems that use machine learning to detect sentiment, we have complex systems that can understand language, and we get phone calls from bots that we have entire verbal conversations with and never realize that they are not human.
Eliza was built to emulate a psychotherapist, the idea being that it picks out keywords and phrases and turns them back into questions in order to fool the human into believing...