Book Image

Hands-On Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud

By : Magnus Larsson
Book Image

Hands-On Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud

By: Magnus Larsson

Overview of this book

Microservices architecture allows developers to build and maintain applications with ease, and enterprises are rapidly adopting it to build software using Spring Boot as their default framework. With this book, you’ll learn how to efficiently build and deploy microservices using Spring Boot. This microservices book will take you through tried and tested approaches to building distributed systems and implementing microservices architecture in your organization. Starting with a set of simple cooperating microservices developed using Spring Boot, you’ll learn how you can add functionalities such as persistence, make your microservices reactive, and describe their APIs using Swagger/OpenAPI. As you advance, you’ll understand how to add different services from Spring Cloud to your microservice system. The book also demonstrates how to deploy your microservices using Kubernetes and manage them with Istio for improved security and traffic management. Finally, you’ll explore centralized log management using the EFK stack and monitor microservices using Prometheus and Grafana. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to build microservices that are scalable and robust using Spring Boot and Spring Cloud.

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Table of Contents (26 chapters)
Title Page
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Copyright and Credits
Hands-On Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud
About Packt
About Packt
Why subscribe?
Contributors
Contributors
About the author
About the reviewer
Packt is searching for authors like you
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Get in touch
Free Chapter
1
Introduction to Microservices
Introduction to Microservices
Technical requirements
My way into microservices
Defining a microservice
Challenges with microservices
Design patterns for microservices
Software enablers
Other important considerations
Summary
2
Introduction to Spring Boot
Introduction to Spring Boot
Technical requirements
Learning about Spring Boot
Beginning with Spring WebFlux
Exploring SpringFox
Understanding Spring Data
Understanding Spring Cloud Stream
Learning about Docker
Summary
Questions
3
Creating a Set of Cooperating Microservices
Creating a Set of Cooperating Microservices
Technical requirements
Introducing the microservice landscape
Generating skeleton microservices
Adding RESTful APIs
Adding a composite microservice
Adding error handling
Testing APIs manually
Adding automated microservice tests in isolation
Adding semi-automated tests of a microservice landscape
Summary
Questions
4
Deploying Our Microservices Using Docker
Deploying Our Microservices Using Docker
Technical requirements
Introduction to Docker
Challenges with running Java in Docker
Using Docker with one microservice
Managing a landscape of microservices using Docker Compose
Testing them all together automatically
Summary
Questions
5
Adding an API Description Using OpenAPI/Swagger
Adding an API Description Using OpenAPI/Swagger
Technical requirements
Introduction to using SpringFox
Changes in the source code
Building and starting the microservice landscape
Trying out the Swagger documentation
Summary
Questions
6
Adding Persistence
Adding Persistence
Technical requirements
But first, let's see where we are heading
Adding a persistence layer to the core microservices
Writing automated tests that focus on persistence
Using the persistence layer in the service layer
Extending the composite service API
Adding databases to the Docker Compose landscape
Manual tests of the new APIs and the persistence layer
Updating the automated tests of the microservice landscape
Summary
Questions
7
Developing Reactive Microservices
Developing Reactive Microservices
Technical requirements
Choosing between non-blocking synchronous APIs and event-driven asynchronous services
Developing non-blocking synchronous REST APIs using Spring
Developing event-driven asynchronous services
Running manual tests of the reactive microservice landscape
Running automated tests of the reactive microservice landscape
Summary
Questions
8
Introduction to Spring Cloud
Introduction to Spring Cloud
Technical requirements
The evolution of Spring Cloud
Using Netflix Eureka as a discovery service
Using Spring Cloud Gateway as an edge server
Using Spring Cloud Config for centralized configuration
Using Resilience4j for improved resilience
Using Spring Cloud Sleuth and Zipkin for distributed tracing
Summary
Questions
9
Adding Service Discovery Using Netflix Eureka and Ribbon
Adding Service Discovery Using Netflix Eureka and Ribbon
Technical requirements
Introducing service discovery
Setting up a Netflix Eureka server
Connecting microservices to a Netflix Eureka server
Setting up configuration for use in the development process
Trying out the discovery service
Summary
Questions
10
Using Spring Cloud Gateway to Hide Microservices Behind an Edge Server
Using Spring Cloud Gateway to Hide Microservices Behind an Edge Server
Technical requirements
Adding an edge server to our system landscape
Setting up a Spring Cloud Gateway
Trying out the edge server
Summary
Questions
11
Securing Access to APIs
Securing Access to APIs
Technical requirements
Introduction to OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect
Securing the system landscape
Adding an authorization server to our system landscape
Protecting external communication with HTTPS
Securing access to the discovery service, Netflix Eureka
Authenticating and authorizing API access using OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect
Testing with the local authorization server
Testing with an OpenID Connect provider – Auth0
Summary
Questions
12
Centralized Configuration
Centralized Configuration
Technical requirements
Introduction to the Spring Cloud Configuration server
Setting up a config server
Configuring clients of a config server
Structuring the configuration repository
Trying out the Spring Cloud Configuration server
Summary
Questions
13
Improving Resilience Using Resilience4j
Improving Resilience Using Resilience4j
Technical requirements
Introducing the Resilience4j circuit breaker and retry mechanism
Adding a circuit breaker and retry mechanism to the source code
Trying out the circuit breaker and retry mechanism
Summary
Questions
14
Understanding Distributed Tracing
Understanding Distributed Tracing
Technical requirements
Introducing distributed tracing with Spring Cloud Sleuth and Zipkin
Adding distributed tracing to the source code
Trying out distributed tracing
Summary
Questions
15
Introduction to Kubernetes
Introduction to Kubernetes
Technical requirements
Introducing Kubernetes concepts
Introducing Kubernetes API objects
Introducing Kubernetes runtime components
Creating a Kubernetes cluster using Minikube
Trying out a sample deployment
Managing a Kubernetes cluster
Summary
Questions
16
Deploying Our Microservices to Kubernetes
Deploying Our Microservices to Kubernetes
Technical requirements
Replacing Netflix Eureka with Kubernetes services
Introducing Kustomize
Deploying to Kubernetes for development and test
Deploying to Kubernetes for staging and production
Performing a rolling upgrade
Rolling back a failed deployment
Summary
Questions
17
Implementing Kubernetes Features as an Alternative
Implementing Kubernetes Features as an Alternative
Technical requirements
Replacing the Spring Cloud Config Server
Replacing the Spring Cloud Gateway
Testing with Kubernetes ConfigMaps, secrets, and ingress resource
Automating the provision of certificates 
Verifying that microservices work without Kubernetes
Summary
Questions
18
Using a Service Mesh to Improve Observability and Management
Using a Service Mesh to Improve Observability and Management
Technical requirements
Introduction to service mesh using Istio
Deploying Istio in a Kubernetes cluster
Creating the service mesh
Observing the service mesh
Securing a service mesh
Ensuring that a service mesh is resilient
Performing zero-downtime deployments
Running tests with Docker Compose
Summary
Questions
19
Centralized Logging with the EFK Stack
Centralized Logging with the EFK Stack
Technical requirements
Configuring Fluentd
Deploying the EFK stack on Kubernetes
Trying out the EFK stack
Summary
Questions
20
Monitoring Microservices
Monitoring Microservices
Technical requirements
Introduction to performance monitoring using Prometheus and Grafana
Changes in source code for collecting application metrics
Building and deploying the microservices
Monitoring microservices using Grafana dashboards
Setting up alarms in Grafana
Summary
Questions
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Writing automated tests that focus on persistence

When writing persistence tests, we want to start an embedded database when the tests begin and tear it down when the tests complete. However, we don't want the tests to wait for other resources to start up, for example, a web server such as Netty (which is required in runtime).

Spring Boot comes with two class level annotations tailored for this specific requirement: 

  • @DataMongoTest: This starts up an embedded MongoDB database when the test starts.
  • @DataJpaTest: This starts up an embedded SQL database when the test starts:
    • Since we added a test dependency in the build file for the review microservice to the H2 database, it will be used as the embedded SQL database.
    • By default, Spring Boot configures the tests to roll back updates to the SQL database to minimize the risk of negative side effects on other tests...
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