In Chapter 1, Monoliths Versus Microservices, we discussed hardware (VMs) and software (containers) virtualization. Docker popularized containers, and it's led to the containerization boom since 2015. The way Docker encapsulated software and its dependencies in a single package built the base for cloud computing as we see it today.
At the time of writing, Docker as a runtime and an engine is the de facto standard for different container orchestration platforms. However, that is changing slowly since the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) (https://cri-o.io) has enabled individual providers to develop container runtimes that are compatible with the Open Container Initiative (OCI) (https://www.opencontainers.org). CRI-O is a lightweight alternative without the need to install Docker as a container runtime for Kubernetes.
Newer container runtimes such as Frakti...