Book Image

Mastering Quantum Computing with IBM QX

By : Dr. Christine Corbett Moran
Book Image

Mastering Quantum Computing with IBM QX

By: Dr. Christine Corbett Moran

Overview of this book

<p>Quantum computing is set to disrupt the industry. IBM Research has made quantum computing available to the public for the first time, providing cloud access to IBM QX from any desktop or mobile device. Complete with cutting-edge practical examples, this book will help you understand the power of quantum computing in the real world.</p> <p>Mastering Quantum Computing with IBM QX begins with the principles of quantum computing and the areas in which they can be applied. You'll explore the IBM Ecosystem, which enables quantum development with Quantum Composer and Qiskit. As you progress through the chapters, you'll implement algorithms on the quantum processor and learn how quantum computations are actually performed.</p> <p>By the end of the book, you will completely understand how to create quantum programs of your own, the impact of quantum computing on your business, and how to future-proof your programming career.</p>

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Table of Contents (22 chapters)
Title Page
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Copyright and Credits
About Packt
About Packt
Contributors
Contributors
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
What is Quantum Computing?
What is Quantum Computing?
Technical requirements
What are quantum computers?
History, present, and future of quantum computing
Setting up and running Python code examples
Setting up and running IBM QX examples
Setting up and running Qiskit examples
Summary
Exercises and questions
2
Qubits
Qubits
Technical requirements
Qubits
Simulating a qubit
Three different representations of qubits
The Bloch sphere
Superposition and measurement of qubits
Summary
Questions
3
Quantum States, Quantum Registers, and Measurement
Quantum States, Quantum Registers, and Measurement
Technical requirements
Quantum states and registers
Separable states
Entanglement
Quantum measurement and entanglement
Decoherence, T1, and T2
Summary
Questions
4
Evolving Quantum States with Quantum Gates
Evolving Quantum States with Quantum Gates
Technical requirements
Gates
Gates acting on states
Single-qubit gates
Multi-qubit gates
Summary
Questions
5
Quantum Circuits
Quantum Circuits
Technical requirements
Quantum circuits and quantum circuit diagrams
Using Qiskit to generate quantum circuits
Reversible computation
Useful quantum circuits
Summary
Questions
6
The Quantum Composer
The Quantum Composer
Technical requirements
The Quantum Composer
Translating quantum circuits into the Quantum Composer
Executing quantum circuits in simulation or hardware from the Quantum Composer
Summary
Questions
7
Working with OpenQASM
Working with OpenQASM
Technical requirements
OpenQASM
Translating OpenQASM programs into quantum scores
Representing quantum scores in OpenQASM 2.0 programs
Using OpenQASM to interface with IBM QX
Advanced OpenQASM usage
Summary
Questions
8
Qiskit and Quantum Computer Simulation
Qiskit and Quantum Computer Simulation
Technical requirements
Qiskit installation and usage
Qiskit Terra – Capstone project
Summary
Questions
9
Quantum AND (Toffoli) Gates and Quantum OR Gates
Quantum AND (Toffoli) Gates and Quantum OR Gates
Technical requirements
Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT)
Quantum AND and OR
3SAT quantum circuit implementation
Summary
Questions
10
Grover's Algorithm
Grover's Algorithm
Technical requirements
An overview and example use case of Grover's algorithm 
3SAT as a Grover's algorithm checker
Solving a 3SAT problem with Grover's algorithm
Summary
Questions
11
Quantum Fourier Transform
Quantum Fourier Transform
Classical Fourier Transform
The Fourier transform in action
The Quantum Fourier Transform 
QFT circuit implementation in IBM QX
Summary
Questions
12
Shor's Algorithm
Shor's Algorithm
Shor's algorithm
Shor's algorithm overview
Shor's algorithm examples
Implementing Shor's algorithm in Python
Summary
Questions
13
Quantum Error Correction
Quantum Error Correction
Quantum errors
Quantum error correction
Summary
Questions
14
Conclusion - The Future of Quantum Computing
Conclusion - The Future of Quantum Computing
Key concepts of quantum computing
Fields where quantum computing will be useful
Pessimism about the quantum computing field
Optimism about the quantum computing field
Concluding thoughts on quantum computing
Appendix
Appendix
Useful mathematics
Qubits, states, and gates in terms of matrices
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Index
Index

Using Qiskit to generate quantum circuits

Qiskit is the Quantum Information Science Kit. It is an SDK for working with the IBM QX quantum processors. It also has a variety of tools to simulate a quantum computer in Python. It is so important and useful it will get its own chapter later in this book. In this chapter, we are going to learn to use it to generate quantum circuits.

Single-qubit circuits in Qiskit

First, let's import the tools to create classical and quantum registers as well as quantum circuits from qiskit:

from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, ClassicalRegister, QuantumRegister

Next let's make the X |"0"> circuit using qiskit:

qr = QuantumRegister(1)
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qr)
circuit.x(qr[0])

Note that the argument to QuantumRegister is 1; this indicates that the quantum register is to contain one qubit. 

The XH|"0"> circuit using qiskit becomes the following:

qr = QuantumRegister(1)
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qr)
circuit.h(qr[0])
circuit.x(qr[0])

Qiskit's QuantumCircuit class and...

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