Remember that all data is stored in a coordinate system, no matter what the data source is. It is your job to figure this out using a simple approach outlined in this section. We will take a look at two different data storage types: a Shapefile and a GeoJSON file. These two formats contain geometries, such as points, lines, or polygons, and their associated attributes. For example, a tree would be stored as a point geometry with attributes, such as height, age, and species, Each of these data types store their projection data differently and, therefore, require different methods to discover their projection information.

Now a quick introduction to what a Shapefile is: a Shapefile is not a single file but a minimum of three files, such as .shp, .shx, and, .dbf, all of which have the same name. For example, world_borders.shp, world_borders.shx and world_borders.dbf make up one file. The .shp file stores geometry, .dbf stores a table...