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Table Of Contents

Understanding TCP/IP

By : CP Books a.s.

5 (1)

Understanding TCP/IP

5 (1)

By: CP Books a.s.

Overview of this book

This book covers in detail the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model and the TCP/IP protocols that operate that different layers. Its coverage includes various application protocols. The authors explain in an easy-to-read style networking concepts and protocols, with examples that make the book a practical guide in addition to its coverage of theory.

Preface

Preface

What This Book Covers

What You Need for This Book

Conventions

Reader Feedback

Customer Support

Free Chapter

1. Introduction to Network Protocols

1. Introduction to Network Protocols

1.1 ISO OSI

1.2 TCP/IP

1.3 Methods of Information Transmission

1.4 Virtual Circuit

2. Network Monitoring Tools

2. Network Monitoring Tools

2.1 Packet Drivers

2.2 MS Network Monitor

2.3 Ethereal

2.4 Homework

3. Physical Layer

3. Physical Layer

3.1 Serial Line

3.2 Modems

3.3 Digital Circuits

3.4 LAN

4. Link Layer

4. Link Layer

4.1 Serial Line Internet Protocol

4.2 Compressed SLIP

4.3 High-Level Data Link Control Protocol

4.4 Point-To-Point Protocol

4.5 Frame Relay

4.6 Local Area Networks

4.7 Wireless Local Area Network

4.8 Fixed Wireless Access

5. Internet Protocol

5. Internet Protocol

5.1 IP Datagram

5.2. Internet Control Message Protocol

5.3 Fragmentation

5.4 Optional Entries in the IP Header

5.5 ARP and RARP Protocols

5.6 Internet Group Management Protocol

5.7 Multicast and Link Protocol

6. IP Address

6. IP Address

6.1 Network: First Period of History

6.2 Network: Second Period of History

6.3 IP Addresses in the Intranet and Special-Use IP Addresses

6.4 Unnumbered Interface

6.5 Address Plan

6.6 Over 254 Interfaces in a LAN

7. Routing

7. Routing

7.1 Forwarding and Screening

7.2 Routing

7.3 Handling Routing Tables

7.4 Routing Protocols

7.5 Neutral Exchange Point

8. IP Version 6

8. IP Version 6

8.1 Next Headers of IP Version 6 Datagram

8.2 ICMP Version 6 Protocol

8.3. IP Addresses

8.4 Windows 2003

9. Transmission Control Protocol

9. Transmission Control Protocol

9.1 TCP Segments

9.2 TCP Header Options

9.3 Establishing and Terminating a Connection with TCP

9.4 Determining the Connection State

9.5 Response Delay Techniques

9.6 Window Technique

9.7 Network Congestion

9.8 The Window Scale Factor

10. User Datagram Protocol

10. User Datagram Protocol

10.1 Fragmentation

10.2 Broadcasts and Multicasts

11. Domain Name System

11. Domain Name System

11.1 Domains and Subdomains

11.2 Name Syntax

11.3 Reverse Domains

11.4 Resource Records

11.5 DNS Protocol

11.6 DNS Query

12. Telnet

12. Telnet

12.1 The NVT Protocol

12.2 Telnet Protocol Commands

12.3 Example of Windows NT Client Communication

12.4 Example of UNIX Client Communication

13. File Transfer Protocol

13. File Transfer Protocol

13.1 Architecture

13.2 Active Mode of FTP Protocol Communication

13.3 Passive Mode of FTP Protocol Communication

13.4 FTP Commands

13.5 Proxy

13.6 Return Codes

13.7 Abnormal Termination of Data Transfer

13.8 Anonymous FTP

14. Hypertext Transfer Protocol

14. Hypertext Transfer Protocol

14.1 Client-Server

14.2 Proxy

14.3 Gateway

14.4 Tunnel

14.5 More Intermediate Nodes

14.6 Uniform Resource Identifier

14.7 Relative URI

14.8 The HTTP Request

14.9 The HTTP Response

14.10 Other Header Fields

14.11 Cookie

15. Email

15. Email

15.1 Email Architecture

15.2 Mail Message Format

15.3 MIME

15.4 SMTP

15.5 ESMTP

15.6 POP3

15.7 IMAP4

16. Forums

16. Forums

16.1 Message Format

16.2 NNTP Protocol

17. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

17. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

17.1 Protocol Principle

17.2 Data Model of LDAP Directory

17.3 LDAP Protocol Data Units

17.4 Server Programs

17.5 Client Programs

17.6 Lightweight Directory Interchange Format

A. CISCO Routers

A. CISCO Routers

A.1 Interface Identification

A.2 Cables

A.3 Memory

A.4 Console

A.5 Commands

A.6 Configuration

A.7 Debugging

Index

Index

12.4 Example of UNIX Client Communication

Let’s say our client is started in an X-Windows window within the True64 UNIX system. The server is True64 UNIX as well.

An example of this communication is shown in the following figure:

12.4 Example of UNIX Client Communication

Figure 12.4: Client/server communication in UNIX

We first start the Telnet program without a parameter and thus get the Telnet program command line. From here we start a listing of debugging information both of IAC in text form (1) and of all application data in hexadecimal notation (2).

We use the open command to establish communication with t1.pvt.cz server. The Telnet program sets the escape sequence as ^]. As the port number was not specified in the open command, the client (unlike Windows NT Client) assumes it is establishing connection with a Telnet protocol server. This is why immediately after the connection is established, the client sends these IAC commands of the Telnet protocol to the server:

(5) The client does not want to communicate in half-duplex...

CONTINUE READING

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Programming languages

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