Book Image

Procedural Content Generation for C++ Game Development

By : Dale Green
Book Image

Procedural Content Generation for C++ Game Development

By: Dale Green

Overview of this book

Procedural generation is a growing trend in game development. It allows developers to create games that are bigger and more dynamic, giving the games a higher level of replayability. Procedural generation isn’t just one technique, it’s a collection of techniques and approaches that are used together to create dynamic systems and objects. C++ is the industry-standard programming language to write computer games. It’s at the heart of most engines, and is incredibly powerful. SFML is an easy-to-use, cross-platform, and open-source multimedia library. Access to computer hardware is broken into succinct modules, making it a great choice if you want to develop cross-platform games with ease. Using C++ and SFML technologies, this book will guide you through the techniques and approaches used to generate content procedurally within game development. Throughout the course of this book, we’ll look at examples of these technologies, starting with setting up a roguelike project using the C++ template. We’ll then move on to using RNG with C++ data types and randomly scattering objects within a game map. We will create simple console examples to implement in a real game by creating unique and randomised game items, dynamic sprites, and effects, and procedurally generating game events. Then we will walk you through generating random game maps. At the end, we will have a retrospective look at the project. By the end of the book, not only will you have a solid understanding of procedural generation, but you’ll also have a working roguelike game that you will have extended using the examples provided.

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Procedural Content Generation for C++ Game Development
Dale Green
Jan, 2016 | 304 pages
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Table of Contents (19 chapters)
Procedural Content Generation for C++ Game Development
Procedural Content Generation for C++ Game Development
Credits
Credits
About the Author
About the Author
Acknowledgment
Acknowledgment
About the Reviewer
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
An Introduction to Procedural Generation
An Introduction to Procedural Generation
Procedural generation versus random generation
Introducing randomness
Seeds
The use of procedural generation in games
Texture creation
Benefits of procedural generation
The drawbacks of procedural generation
A brief history of rogue-like games
How we'll implement procedural generation
Creating unique art
Audio manipulation
Component-based design
The complete game
Exercises
Summary
2
Project Setup and Breakdown
Project Setup and Breakdown
Choosing an IDE
Breaking down the game template
Simple and Fast Multimedia Library (SFML)
Polymorphism
The roguelike template setup
Exercises
Summary
3
Using RNG with C++ Data Types
Using RNG with C++ Data Types
Setting the game seed
Setting Boolean values randomly
Random number distribution
Giving the player random stats
Accessing random elements of a collection
Spawning a random item
Generating random characters
Repeating loops
Spawning a random number of items
Exercises
Summary
4
Procedurally Populating Game Environments
Procedurally Populating Game Environments
Potential obstacles
Level tiles
Defining the spawn area
Selecting a suitable game tile
Spawning items at a random location
Spawning random tiles
Exercises
Summary
5
Creating Unique and Randomized Game Objects
Creating Unique and Randomized Game Objects
Creating a random player character
Procedurally generating an enemy class
Procedural items
The random potion class
Exercises
Summary
6
Procedurally Generating Art
Procedurally Generating Art
How procedural generation is used with art
The benefits of procedurally generated art
The drawbacks of procedurally generated art
Using SFML sprite modifiers
Saving modified sprites
Creating enemy sprites procedurally
Editing the game tiles
Exercises
Summary
7
Procedurally Modifying Audio
Procedurally Modifying Audio
An introduction to SFML audio
Selecting a random main track
Adding sound effects
Editing sound effects
Playing a sound function
3D sound – spatialization
Exercises
Summary
8
Procedural Behavior and Mechanics
Procedural Behavior and Mechanics
An introduction to pathfinding
A breakdown of A*
Coding the A* pathfinding algorithm
Implementing A* in the game
Procedurally generated level goals
Exercises
Summary
9
Procedural Dungeon Generation
Procedural Dungeon Generation
The benefits of procedural level design
Considerations
An overview of dungeon generation overview
The recursive backtracker
Procedurally generating a dungeon
Choosing the tile textures
Exercises
Summary
10
Component-Based Architecture
Component-Based Architecture
Understanding component-based architecture
Designing the component system
C++ templates
Function overloading
Creating a base component
Component functions
Creating a transform component
Creating a SpriteComponent
Creating an audio component
Exercises
Summary
11
Epilogue
Epilogue
Project breakdown
The pros and cons of procedural generation
Summary
Index
Index

Spawning items at a random location

Now, let's tie all of this together to spawn items randomly in the map. Here is a quick overview of the steps that we'll take:

  1. Select a random tile from the level data.

  2. Check whether this tile is a floor tile. If not, go to step 1.

  3. Convert the tile location to the absolute position and give it to the item.

The first step is to select a random tile in the level data. Earlier in this chapter, we covered how we'll achieve this:

// Declare the variables we need.
int columnIndex(0), rowIndex(0);
Tile tileType;

// Generate a random index for the row and column.
columnIndex = std::rand() % GRID_WIDTH;
rowIndex = std::rand() % GRID_HEIGHT;

// Get the tile type.
tileType = m_level.GetTileType(columnIndex, rowIndex);

We now need to check whether the randomly selected tile is suitable for the spawning of an item. We know that we can do this by checking the type of the tile, but we need to incorporate this into some kind of loop, so that if the randomly selected tile...

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