Index
A
- abline function / Extracting by points
- aesthetic mapping / An overview of ggplot2
- aggregate function / Aggregating and disaggregating
- annual temperature, Spain
- mapping / Mapping the annual temperature in Spain
- apply function
- used, for automated calculations / Automated calculations using the apply family of functions
- used, for applying function on rows / Applying a function on rows or columns of a table
- used, for applying function on columns of table / Applying a function on rows or columns of a table
- arguments
- default values, setting for / Setting default values for the arguments
- array
- using / Using the matrix and array classes
- used, for representing multiple two dimensions / Representing more than two dimensions with an array
- raster, transforming / Transforming a raster into a matrix or an array
- as.vector function / Representing two-dimensional data with a matrix
- assignment operator
- used, for saving object / Using the assignment operator to save an object
- assignment operator (=) / Using the assignment operator to save an object
- attribute table, vector layers
- accessing / Accessing the attribute table of vector layers
- autofitVariogram function / Interpolation using Ordinary Kriging
B
- base graphics
- used, for displaying vectors / Displaying vectors using base graphics
- base graphics system / The main graphical systems in R
C
- calculations
- performing, with missing values on vectors / Performing calculations on vectors with missing values
- calculator
- R, using as / Using R as a calculator
- calibration data, spatial interpolation
- field measurements / Spatially interpolating point data
- covariates / Spatially interpolating point data
- character values
- converting, to dates / Converting character values to dates
- clump function / Filtering and clumping
- clumping
- about / Filtering and clumping
- code execution
- controlling / Controlling code execution
- conditioning, with conditional statements / Conditioning execution with conditional statements
- loops, using / Repeatedly executing code sections with loops
- command line
- Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) / Using contributed packages
- conditional statements
- used, for conditioning code execution / Conditioning execution with conditional statements
- contributed packages
- using / Using contributed packages
- Coordinate Reference System (CRS) / Creating single band rasters
- covariates
- about / Spatially interpolating point data
- using, in universal kriging (UK) interpolation / Using covariates in Universal Kriging interpolation
- CSV file
- climatic data, reading from / Reading climatic data from a CSV file
- table, creating from / Creating a table from a CSV file
- data.frame object, writing / Writing a data.frame object to a CSV file
D
- 3D plots
- creating, with lattice / Making 3D plots with lattice
- data.frame class
- using, for tabular data representation / Using the data.frame class to represent tabular data
- data.frame object
- subsetting / Subsetting data.frame objects
- writing, to CSV file / Writing a data.frame object to a CSV file
- data.frame object structure
- examining / Examining the structure of a data.frame object
- data fields
- calculating / Calculating new data fields
- data structures
- data, storing in / Storing data in data structures
- data structures, R
- vectors / Vectors – the basic data structures in R
- dates series
- working with / Working with dates and time series, Specialized time series classes in R
- climatic data, reading from CSV file / Reading climatic data from a CSV file
- character values, converting to dates / Converting character values to dates
- subsetting, based on dates / Creating subsets based on dates
- dcast
- used for shifting between long and wide formats / Shifting between long and wide formats using melt and dcast
- used for shifting between long and wide formats / Shifting between long and wide formats using melt and dcast
- ddply function
- used, for aggregating / Aggregating with ddply
- default vectors
- creating / Creating default vectors
- deterministic model
- about / Spatially interpolating point data
- examples / Spatially interpolating point data
- Digital Elevation Model (DEM) / Data structures for rasters in the raster package
E
- equality conditional operator (==) / Using the assignment operator to save an object
- error messages
- dealing with / Dealing with warning and error messages
- expressions
- evaluating / Evaluating expressions
- arithmetic operators / Using arithmetic and logical operators
- logical operators / Using arithmetic and logical operators
- functions, using / Using functions
- warning / Dealing with warning and error messages
- error messages / Dealing with warning and error messages
- help page / Getting help
- extend function / Raster resampling
- extract function / Extracting by points
F
- faceting / An overview of ggplot2
- facet_grid function / Plotting nonspatial data
- facet_wrap function / Plotting nonspatial data
- Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) / Polygons
- focal filtering
- about / Filtering and clumping
- focal function / Filtering and clumping
- fortify function / Plotting spatial data
- function
- about / Writing new functions
- defining / Defining our own functions
- default values, setting for arguments / Setting default values for the arguments
- function call
- multiple argument, supplying / Supplying more than one argument in a function call
- functions
- using / Using functions
- calling, for operation performance / Calling functions to perform operations
- using, with several parameters / Using functions with several parameters
G
- gConvexHull function / Creating new geometries
- gDifference function / Creating new geometries
- gDistance function / Calculating distances between geometries, Raster-to-polygons conversion
- geocode function / Points
- geometrical properties, vector layers
- working with / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- numeric values / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- logical values / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- spatial layers / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- geometries, vector layers
- points / Points
- lines / Lines
- polygons / Polygons
- joining, with tabular data / Joining geometries with tabular data
- Geometry Engine Open Source (GEOS) / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- geom_contour function / An overview of ggplot2
- geom_density2d function / An overview of ggplot2
- Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) / Data structures for rasters in the raster package
- ggmap
- used, for plotting / Plotting with ggplot2 and ggmap
- ggplot2
- used, for plotting / Plotting with ggplot2 and ggmap
- overview / An overview of ggplot2
- URL / An overview of ggplot2
- predefined themes / An overview of ggplot2
- automation / Plotting spatial data
- reproducibility / Plotting spatial data
- all-in-one environment / Plotting spatial data
- ggplot2 plots
- saving / Saving the ggplot2 plots
- ggplot2 system / The main graphical systems in R
- ggsave function / Saving the ggplot2 plots
- gIntersection function / Creating new geometries
- gIsValid function / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- Global Administrative Areas
- URL / Creating new geometries
- Google Maps API
- URL / Points
- Google Maps API Terms of Service
- GPS Exchange Format (GPX) / Lines
- graphical functions
- about / Introducing graphical functions
- used, for displaying vectors / Displaying vectors using base graphics
- output, saving / Saving graphical output
- graphics systems, in R / The main graphical systems in R
- graphical output
- saving / Saving graphical output
- graphics systems, in R
- base graphics / The main graphical systems in R
- lattice / The main graphical systems in R
- ggplot2 / The main graphical systems in R
- gstat
- URL / IDW interpolation
- gstat.cv function / IDW interpolation
- gSymdifference function / Creating new geometries
- gUnion function / Creating new geometries
H
I
- %in% operator / Element-by-element operations on vectors
- Inkscape
- URL / An overview of ggplot2
- Integrated Development Environment (IDE) / Approaches to editing R code
- interpolation method
- inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation / IDW interpolation
- ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation / IDW interpolation
- universal kriging (UK) interpolation / IDW interpolation
- inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation
- using / IDW interpolation
J
- join operation
- used, for joining tables / Joining tables with join
L
- lattice
- used, for creating 3D plots / Making 3D plots with lattice
- lattice system / The main graphical systems in R
- layer
- components / An overview of ggplot2
- functions / An overview of ggplot2
- layer function / An overview of ggplot2
- leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) / IDW interpolation
- length function / Subsetting with numeric vectors of indices
- levelplot function / Exploring a raster's properties
- Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) / Changing the spatial extent or resolution of rasters
- lines
- about / Lines
- logical operators, R
- logical vectors
- used, for vector subsetting / Subsetting with logical vectors
- loops
- used, for executing code section / Repeatedly executing code sections with loops
M
- mask function / Masking values in a raster
- matrix
- using / Using the matrix and array classes
- used, for representing two-dimensional data / Representing two-dimensional data with a matrix
- used, for representing two-dimensional data / Representing two-dimensional data with a matrix
- raster, transforming into matrix / Transforming a raster into a matrix or an array
- matrix function, parameters
- melt function
- used for shifting between long and wide formats / Shifting between long and wide formats using melt and dcast
- merge function / Merging rasters
- missing values
- dealing with / Dealing with missing values
- effect, on data / Missing values and their effect on data
- detecting, in vectors / Detecting missing values in vectors
- used, for performing calculations on vectors / Performing calculations on vectors with missing values
- multiband rasters
- creating / Creating multiband rasters
- multiple argument
- supplying, in function call / Supplying more than one argument in a function call
N
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) / Reading climatic data from a CSV file
- nearest neighbor interpolation
- using / Nearest-neighbor interpolation
- Near Infra-Red (NIR) / Creating single band rasters
- nonspatial data
- plotting / Plotting nonspatial data
- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) / Subsetting rasters
- NormalrasterVis package
- Not A Number (NaN) / Dealing with warning and error messages
- Notepad++ text editor
- NppToR software for Notepad++
- numeric vectors of indices
- used, for vector subsetting / Subsetting with numeric vectors of indices
O
- * operator / Supplying more than one argument in a function call
- object
- saving, with assignment operator / Using the assignment operator to save an object
- removing, from memory / Removing objects from memory
- object types, R
- about / Exploring the basic object types in R, Everything is an object
- data, storing in data structures / Storing data in data structures
- functions / Calling functions to perform operations
- sample session / A short sample session
- Office of National Statistics
- ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation
- about / IDW interpolation
- using / Interpolation using Ordinary Kriging
- overlay operations, raster / Raster algebra and overlay operations
P
- paste0 function / Element-by-element operations on vectors
- paste function / Element-by-element operations on vectors
- plotRGB function / Reprojecting vector layers
- point data
- spatial interpolation / Spatially interpolating point data
- points
- about / Points
- used, for raster value extraction / Extracting by points
- polygons
- about / Polygons
- used, for raster value extraction / Extracting by polygons
- predefined symbols, R
- PROJ.4 string
- projectRaster function / Raster reprojection
R
- R
- installing / Installing R and using the command line, Installing R
- downloading / Downloading R
- using, as calculator / Using R as a calculator
- coding, beyond command line / Coding with R beyond the command line
- object types / Exploring the basic object types in R
- %d / Converting character values to dates
- %m / Converting character values to dates
- %b / Converting character values to dates
- %B / Converting character values to dates
- %y / Converting character values to dates
- %Y / Converting character values to dates
- raster
- about / Using the matrix and array classes
- data structures / Data structures for rasters in the raster package
- single band rasters, creating / Creating single band rasters
- multiband rasters, creating / Creating multiband rasters
- files, writing / Writing raster files
- properties, exploring / Exploring a raster's properties
- subsetting / Subsetting rasters
- values, accessing as vector / Accessing raster values as a vector
- values, accessing with matrix notation / Accessing raster values with the matrix notation
- multiple layer subsets / Subsets involving more than one layer
- transforming, into matrix / Transforming a raster into a matrix or an array
- transforming, into array / Transforming a raster into a matrix or an array
- overlaying / Overlay and reclassification of rasters
- reclassification / Overlay and reclassification of rasters
- algebra / Raster algebra and overlay operations
- overlay operations / Raster algebra and overlay operations
- values, reclassifying / Reclassifying raster values
- spatial extent, changing / Changing the spatial extent or resolution of rasters
- resolution, changing / Changing the spatial extent or resolution of rasters
- merging / Merging rasters
- cropping / Cropping and trimming
- trimming / Cropping and trimming
- aggregating / Aggregating and disaggregating
- disaggregating / Aggregating and disaggregating
- creating, from vector layers / Creating rasters from vector layers
- values, masking / Masking values in a raster
- vector layers, creating from / Creating vector layers from a raster
- raster algebra / Raster algebra and overlay operations
- raster files
- writing / Writing raster files
- raster function / IDW interpolation
- rasterize function
- about / Creating rasters from vector layers, Rasterizing vector layers
- field parameter / Rasterizing vector layers
- fun parameter / Rasterizing vector layers
- rasterizing process / Creating rasters from vector layers
- raster reprojection
- about / Raster resampling and reprojection, Raster reprojection
- projectRaster function, using / Raster reprojection
- raster resampling
- about / Raster resampling and reprojection, Raster resampling
- resample function, using / Raster resampling
- rasterToContour function / Raster-to-contours conversion
- about / Raster-to-contours conversion
- raster to contours conversation
- about / Raster-to-contours conversion
- raster to points conversation
- about / Raster-to-points conversion
- rasterToPoints function / Raster-to-points conversion
- raster to polygons conversion
- about / Raster-to-polygons conversion
- rasterToPolygons function / Raster-to-polygons conversion
- raster value extraction
- according to vector layers / Extracting raster values based on vector layers
- points, using / Extracting by points
- polygons, using / Extracting by polygons
- raster values
- accessing, as vector / Accessing raster values as a vector
- accessing, with matrix notation / Accessing raster values with the matrix notation
- reclassifying / Reclassifying raster values
- R code
- editing, approaches / Approaches to editing R code
- recycling principle, vectors / The recycling principle
- repetitive vectors
- creating / Creating repetitive vectors
- resample function / Raster resampling
- rgeos package
- R Graphical User Interface (RGui) / Using R as a calculator
- row.names function / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- R Project
- URL / Downloading R
- RStudio
- installation / Installation of RStudio
- URL / Installation of RStudio, Using RStudio
- using / Using RStudio
S
- scales / An overview of ggplot2
- scale_fill_gradient2 function / Plotting spatial data
- scale_fill_gradient function / Plotting spatial data
- scale_fill_gradientn function / Plotting spatial data
- arguments / Plotting spatial data
- sep parameter / Element-by-element operations on vectors
- seq function / Supplying more than one argument in a function call
- several parameters
- using, with functions / Using functions with several parameters
- Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) / Creating single band rasters
- Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) / Changing the spatial extent or resolution of rasters
- single band rasters
- creating / Creating single band rasters
- spatial data
- plotting / Plotting spatial data
- spatial data analysis
- spatial dimensions / Spatial dimensions
- spatial interpolation
- spatial interpolation, of point data
- performing / Spatially interpolating point data
- nearest neighbor interpolation, using / Nearest-neighbor interpolation
- inverse distance weighted (IDW), using / IDW interpolation
- ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation, using / Interpolation using Ordinary Kriging
- covariates, using in universal kriging (UK) interpolation / Using covariates in Universal Kriging interpolation
- spatial prediction model
- calibrating / Spatially interpolating point data
- deterministic model / Spatially interpolating point data
- statistical model / Spatially interpolating point data
- selecting / Spatially interpolating point data
- spatial rasters
- representing / Creating single band rasters
- spatial reference
- spatial relations, between vector layer
- about / Spatial relations between vector layers
- relations, querying / Querying relations between vector layers
- new geometries, creating / Creating new geometries
- distances between geometries, calculating / Calculating distances between geometries
- spatiotemporal raster data
- aggregating / Aggregating spatio-temporal raster data
- time dimension / The time dimension
- spatial dimensions / Spatial dimensions
- SRTM data
- stackApply function / The time dimension
- static maps
- adding, from Web / Adding static maps from the Web
- statistical model
- about / Spatially interpolating point data
- examples / Spatially interpolating point data
- stringsAsFactors parameter / Creating a table from separate vectors
- substr function / Substrings
- substrings
- about / Substrings
T
- table
- creating, from separate vectors / Creating a table from separate vectors
- creating, from CSV file / Creating a table from a CSV file
- data.frame object structure, examining / Examining the structure of a data.frame object
- data.frame object, subsetting / Subsetting data.frame objects
- data.frames, subsetting / Subsetting data.frame objects
- data fields, calculating / Calculating new data fields
- data.frame object, writing to CSV file / Writing a data.frame object to a CSV file
- tables
- joining / Inference from tables by joining, reshaping, and aggregating
- aggregating / Inference from tables by joining, reshaping, and aggregating
- reshaping / Inference from tables by joining, reshaping, and aggregating
- contributed packages, using / Using contributed packages
- joining, with join operation / Joining tables with join
- tabular data
- representing, with data.frame class / Using the data.frame class to represent tabular data
- geometries, joining with / Joining geometries with tabular data
- tapply function
- used, for automated calculations / Automated calculations using the apply family of functions
- used, for applying function on separate parts of vector / Applying a function on separate parts of a vector
- text function / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- themes / An overview of ggplot2
- Thiessen polygon / Nearest-neighbor interpolation
- time dimension / The time dimension
- time series
- working with / Working with dates and time series, Specialized time series classes in R
- examining / Examining our time series
- Tinn-R text editor
- topographic aspect
- calculating / Slope and aspect calculation
- topographic slope
- calculating / Slope and aspect calculation
- topography-related calculations
- elevation data, using / Topography-related calculations with elevation data
- slope, calculating / Slope and aspect calculation
- aspect, calculating / Slope and aspect calculation
- hillshade layer / Hillshade
- trim function / Cropping and trimming
- two-dimensional data
- representing, with matrix / Representing two-dimensional data with a matrix
U
- universal kriging (UK) interpolation
- about / IDW interpolation
- covariates, using / Using covariates in Universal Kriging interpolation
- USA Census data
V
- values
- masking, in raster / Masking values in a raster
- vector
- raster values, accessing as / Accessing raster values as a vector
- vector layer
- attribute table, accessing / Accessing the attribute table of vector layers
- subsetting / Subsetting vector layers
- geometrical calculations / Geometrical calculations on vector layers
- reprojecting / Reprojecting vector layers
- geometrical properties, working with / Working with the geometrical properties of vector layers
- spatial relations / Spatial relations between vector layers
- relations, querying between / Querying relations between vector layers
- vector layer properties
- exploring / Exploring vector layer properties and subsetting
- subsetting / Exploring vector layer properties and subsetting
- examining / Examining vector layer properties
- attribute table, accessing / Accessing the attribute table of vector layers
- vector layers
- raster, creating from / Creating rasters from vector layers
- rasterizing / Rasterizing vector layers
- creating, from raster / Creating vector layers from a raster
- raster to points conversion / Raster-to-points conversion
- raster to contours conversion / Raster-to-contours conversion
- raster to polygons conversion / Raster-to-polygons conversion
- vector layers, R
- data structures / Data structures for vector layers in R
- geometry component / Data structures for vector layers in R
- attribute table / Data structures for vector layers in R
- properties, exploring / Exploring vector layer properties and subsetting
- vector properties
- summarizing / Summarizing vector properties
- vectors
- about / Vectors – the basic data structures in R
- types / Different types of vectors
- assignment operator, used for saving object / Using the assignment operator to save an object
- objects, removing from memory / Removing objects from memory
- properties, summarizing / Summarizing vector properties
- element-by-element operations / Element-by-element operations on vectors
- recycling principle / The recycling principle
- default vectors, creating / Creating default vectors
- repetitive vectors, creating / Creating repetitive vectors
- subsetting / Creating subsets of vectors
- subsetting, with numeric vectors of indices / Subsetting with numeric vectors of indices
- subsetting, with logical vectors / Subsetting with logical vectors
- missing values, detecting / Detecting missing values in vectors
- missing values, used for performing calculations on / Performing calculations on vectors with missing values
- displaying, with base graphics / Displaying vectors using base graphics
- vectors, types
- sequential numeric vectors / Different types of vectors
- logical vector / Different types of vectors
- Voronoi polygon / Nearest-neighbor interpolation
W
- warning
- dealing with / Dealing with warning and error messages
- Web
- static maps, adding / Adding static maps from the Web
- working directory / Subsetting rasters