Data structure is a critical component in any algorithm. Before we go into details; let's illustrate this with an example; a sorting algorithm for positive integer for a finite length needs to be programmed using user input, and the output is to be displayed in ascending order. The sorting algorithm, which acts as a connector between the user-defined input and user-desired output can be approached in multiple ways:
Bubble sort and shell sort, which are simple variants of sorting, but are highly inefficient
Insertion sort and selection sort, primarily used for sorting small datasets
Merge sort, heap sort, and quick sort, which are efficient ways of sorting based on the complexities involved in an average system runtime
Distributed sorts such as counting sort, bucket sort, and radix sort, which can handle both runtime and memory usage
Each of these options can, in turn, handle a particular set of instances more effectively. This essentially reduces the concept...