Cryptography is an art as well as a science that involves the process of transforming plain text into scrambled text and vice versa. The purpose of cryptography is to conceal confidential information from unauthorized entities and ensure immediate detection of any alteration made to the concealed information. Concealing the original information that is in human or machine-readable format is achieved by a method called encryption.
A plain text in the cryptographic context is information that is in a human or machine-readable format that needs protection. For example, the password that you are typing is in plain text. Similarly, documents such as business agreements, MOU, and so on are in plain text.
Scrambled text in the cryptographic context is called a cipher text. A cipher text is the scrambled version of the plain text. Cipher text is not in a human or machine-readable format.
The functions of cryptography are to keep the plain text...