Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

Code in text: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: “To use a .nvmrc file, you will need to create a file called .nvmrc in the root of your project with the Node.js version that you want to use.”

A block of code is set as follows:

userSchema.pre('save', async function (next) { 
  const user = this 
  if (user.isModified('password')) { 
    const salt = await bcrypt.genSalt() 
    user.password = await bcrypt.hash(user.password, salt)
  } 
  next() 
}) 

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

userSchema.pre('save', async function (next) {
  const user = this
  if (user.isModified('password')) {
    const salt = await bcrypt.genSalt()
    user.password = await bcrypt.hash(user.password, salt)
  }
  next()
})

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

encodeURIComponent('P@ssword') // P%40ssword

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For instance, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in bold. Here is an example: “Open DevTools by right-clicking on the page and clicking Inspect.”

Tips or important notes

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