Index

A

• absolute URL / Paths and relative URLs
• access / Alternative oAuth flows
• Access ID / Setting up an AWS user
• Access Secret / Setting up an AWS user
• ACK / TCP
• ACLs (Access Control Lists) / Retrieving an uploaded file through a web browser
• Amazon S3 API
  • about / The Amazon S3 API
  • AWS, registering with / Registering with AWS
  • regions / Regions
  • S3 buckets / S3 buckets and objects
  • objects / S3 buckets and objects
  • S3 command line client / An S3 command-line client
  • file, downloading with / Downloading a file with the API
  • XML, parsing / Parsing XML and handling errors
  • error handling / Parsing XML and handling errors, Handling errors
  • elements, searching / Finding elements
  • enhancements / Further enhancements
  • boto package / The Boto package
  • wrapping up / Wrapping up with S3
• Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • about / The Amazon S3 API
  • registering with / Registering with AWS
  • URL / Registering with AWS
• application layer, TCP/IP networks
  • about / Layer 5 – The application layer
• asyncio based chat server / An asyncio-based chat server
• asyncio documentation
  • URL / More on frameworks
• atomic / Queues
• attribute / Element attributes
• authentication, Amazon S3 API
  • about / Authentication
  • AWS user, setting up / Setting up an AWS user
• authentication, for Twitter
  • about / Authentication for Twitter
  • application, registering for Twitter API / Registering your application for the Twitter API
  • requests, authenticating / Authenticating requests
  • Twitter client / A Twitter client
• AWS console
  • URL / Setting up an AWS user

B

• Baiduspider
  • URL / Choosing a User Agent
• base.html file
  • about / Templating
• boto package
  • about / The Boto package
• broadcast address
  • about / Routing with IP

C

• CGI
  • about / CGI
• chat protocol
  • about / A chat protocol
• chat server
  • designing / Designing a chat server
• CherryPy
  • URL / Python and the Web, Web frameworks
• CIDR notation
  • about / Routing with IP
• client/server model / Client and server
• CommunityData() parameter / Fetching Simple Network Management Protocol data
• concurrent I/O
  • about / Concurrent I/O
• connection header
  • URL / What's in a web server?
• consumer / Alternative oAuth flows
• content negotiation
  • about / Content negotiation
  • content types / Content types
• content types / Content types
• cookies
  • about / Cookies, Know your cookies
  • handling / Cookie handling
• CPython interpreter
  • about / Threading and the GIL
• Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) / CSRF
  • URL / CSRF
• custom SSL client/server
  • creating / Creating a custom SSL client/server
  • interaction, inspecting / Inspecting interaction between a custom SSL client/server

D

• data
  • handling, on persistent connections / Handling data on persistent connections
• dele() method
  • about / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib
• Django
  • URL / Web frameworks
• DNS look-up
  • about / DNS look-ups
  • DNS client/server communication, inspecting / Inspecting DNS client/server communication
• dnspython library
  • URL / DNS look-ups
• docstring.html file
  • about / Templating
• Domain Name System (DNS)
  • about / DNS
• dot-decimal notation / IP addresses
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) / Assigning IP addresses

E

• e-mail
  • about / E-mail terminologies
  • sending, with SMTP / Sending e-mails with SMTP
  • sending, with TLS / Sending e-mails securely with TLS
  • retrieving, POP3 used with poplib / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib
  • retrieving, IMAP used with imaplib / Retrieving e-mails by using IMAP with imaplib
• e-mail attachments
  • sending / Sending e-mail attachments
• e-mail message
  • composing / Composing an e-mail message
  • sending / Sending an e-mail message
• echo protocol
  • about / An echo protocol
  • framing / Framing
• ElementTree
  • about / The XML APIs
  • basics / The basics of ElementTree
  • child / The basics of ElementTree
  • parent / The basics of ElementTree
  • siblings / The basics of ElementTree
  • output format / Pretty printing
  • element attributes / Element attributes
  • converting, to text / Converting to text
• email
  • sending, via logging module / Sending e-mails via the logging module
• event-driven architecture / Concurrent I/O
• event-driven model / Event-driven servers
• event-driven servers / Event-driven servers, Event-driven servers
• eventlet based chat server / An eventlet-based chat server
• event loop / Event-driven servers
• Extended SMTP (ESMTP) protocol
  • about / Sending e-mails with SMTP

F

• files
  • transferring, through SFTP / Transferring files through SFTP
  • transferring, through FTP / Transferring files with FTP
  • sharing, with SAMBA / Sharing files with SAMBA
• first-in first-out (FIFO) / Queues
• Flask
  • URL / Web frameworks
  • about / Flask – a microframework
  • templating / Templating
  • templating engines / Other templating engines
  • some style, adding / Adding some style
  • security / A note on security
  • finishing up / Finishing up with frameworks
  • URL, for tutorial / Finishing up with frameworks
• Flask site
  • URL / CSRF
• frameworks / Frameworks
• framing
  • about / Framing
• FTP
  • files, transferring through / Transferring files with FTP
  • URL / Transferring files with FTP
• FTP packets
  • inspecting / Inspecting FTP packets

G

• gateway / Networks
• GeoIP look-ups
  • about / GeoIP look-ups
• Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) / Threading and the GIL
  • URL / Threading and the GIL
• graphical user interface (GUI)
  • about / E-mail terminologies
• Gunicorn
  • URL / Python and the Web
• Gunicorn pages
  • URL / Hosting in practice
• Gunicorn web server / Hosting in practice

H

• handshake / TCP
• header / Packets
• host identifier
  • about / Routing with IP
• HTTP
  • request / Request and response
  • response / Request and response
  • requests with urllib / Requests with urllib
  • response objects / Response objects
  • status codes / Status codes
  • problems, handling / Handling problems
  • requests, customizing / Customizing requests
  • content negotiation / Content negotiation
  • user agents / User agents
  • cookies / Cookies
  • redirects / Redirects
  • URLs / URLs
  • formal inspection / Formal inspection
• HTTP headers
  • headers / HTTP headers
  • body / HTTP headers
  • about / HTTP headers
• HTTP methods
  • about / HTTP methods
  • HEAD method / The HEAD method
  • POST method / The POST method
• HTTPS
  • about / HTTPS
• HTTP status code / Looking deeper

I

• IETF landing page, for RFCs
  • URL / Taking it from the top
• IMAP
  • about / E-mail terminologies
• IMAP, with imaplib
  • used, for retrieving e-mail / Retrieving e-mails by using IMAP with imaplib
• imaplib
  • about / Retrieving e-mails by using IMAP with imaplib
• index.html file
  • about / Templating
• inheritance
  • about / Templating
• installation
  • Wireshark / Installation
• Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) / IP addresses on the Internet
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
  • about / An introduction to TCP/IP networks
  • URL / An introduction to TCP/IP networks
• Internet media types / Content types
• Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) / E-mail terminologies
• Internet Message Format (IMF)
  • about / Sending e-mails with SMTP
• Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) / An introduction to TCP/IP networks
• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
  • about / Networks
• in_reply_to_status_id / Sending a reply
• IP addresses, manipulating
  • about / Manipulating IP addresses
  • IP network objects / IP network objects
  • network interface objects / Network interface objects
  • IP address objects / The IP address objects
  • IP address, planning for local area network / Planning IP addresses for your local area network

J

• JSON
  • about / JSON
  • encoding / Encoding and decoding
  • decoding / Encoding and decoding
  • dicts, using with / Using dicts with JSON
  • object types / Other object types

L

• layer 4, TCP/IP networks
  • network ports / Network ports
  • UDP / UDP
  • TCP / TCP
• LDAP
  • about / Reading Light-weight Directory Access Protocol data
  • data, reading / Reading Light-weight Directory Access Protocol data
  • packets, inspecting / Inspecting LDAP packets
• Library Reference
  • URL / Taking it from the top
• list() method
  • about / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib
• localhost / Network interfaces
• locks / Locks
• logging module
  • email, sending via / Sending e-mails via the logging module
• loopback interface / Network interfaces
• low-level event-driven chat server / A low-level event-driven chat server

M

• Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)
  • about / E-mail terminologies
• main thread
  • about / Multithreading and multiprocessing
• management information base (MIB)
  • about / Fetching Simple Network Management Protocol data
• man in the middle (MITM) attack / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
• MibVariable parameter / Fetching Simple Network Management Protocol data
• micro frameworks / Web frameworks
• Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS) / Hosting Python web applications
• MIME types / Content types
• Mozilla/5.0 compatible; bingbot/2.0
  • URL / Choosing a User Agent
• Mozilla/5.0 compatible; Googlebot/2.1
  • URL / Choosing a User Agent
• Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
  • about / Composing an e-mail message
• multiprocessing / Multithreading and multiprocessing
• multithreaded chat client / A multithreaded chat client
• multithreaded chat server
  • about / A multithreaded chat server
  • queues / Queues
  • locks / Locks
• multithreaded echo server
  • about / A multithreaded echo server
• multithreading / Concurrent I/O, Multithreading and multiprocessing

N

• name resolution / Filtering
• netmask
  • about / Routing with IP
• network address
  • about / Routing with IP
• Network Address Translation (NAT) / IP addresses on the Internet
• network configuration, of local machine
  • retrieving / Retrieving the network configuration of a local machine
• network location / URLs
• network ports
  • about / Network ports
• network prefix
  • about / Routing with IP
• network programming, with Python
  • about / Network programming with Python
• network stack
  • about / Breaking a few eggs
  • traceback, generating / Breaking a few eggs
  • using / Taking it from the top
  • RFC, downloading / Downloading an RFC
  • program, modifying / Looking deeper
  • TCP/IP networks, programming for / Programming for TCP/IP networks
• non-blocking socket I/O
  • about / A non-blocking socket I/O
• non-blocking sockets / Concurrent I/O
• nslookup tool / DNS
• NTP client
  • about / NTP clients
  • /server communication, inspecting / Inspecting the NTP client/server communication
• NTP protocol
  • URL / NTP clients

O

• oAuth
  • URL / Authenticating requests
• octets / IP addresses
• OWASP site
  • URL / CSRF

P

• packet
  • about / Packets
• packetization / Packets
• packet sniffers
  • about / Packet sniffers
• parameters, Twitter
  • 'count' / Polling for Tweets
  • 'include_entities' / Polling for Tweets
  • 'include_rts' / Polling for Tweets
  • 'since_id' / Polling for Tweets
• path / URLs
• payload
  • about / Packets
• percent encoding / URL encoding
• persistent connections
  • data, handling on / Handling data on persistent connections
• POP3
  • about / E-mail terminologies
• POP3, with poplib
  • used, for retrieving e-mail / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib
• poplib
  • about / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib
• port numbers
  • URL / Network ports
• ports
  • about / Network ports
• POST method
  • about / The POST method
• pre-forking / Recycling for a better world
• private addresses / IP addresses on the Internet
• process / Multithreading and multiprocessing
• programming Q&A page
  • URL / Taking it from the top
• protocol / Working with TCP sockets
• protocols, e-mail
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) / E-mail terminologies
  • Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) / E-mail terminologies
  • Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) / E-mail terminologies
• pull option / A chat protocol
• push option / A chat protocol
• PyPI
  • URL / Secure shell – access using Python
• Pyramid
  • URL / Web frameworks
• Python
  • URL / Threading and the GIL
  • web server / Python and the Web
  • web framework / Web frameworks
• python-geoip / GeoIP look-ups
• Python package index
  • URL / Taking it from the top
• Python Standard library documentation page
  • URL / Retrieving e-mails by using IMAP with imaplib
• Python templating engines
  • about / Other templating engines
  • URL / Other templating engines
• Python web applications
  • hosting / Hosting Python web applications
  • CGI / CGI
  • recycling / Recycling for a better world
  • event-driven servers / Event-driven servers
  • WSGI / WSGI
  • hosting, in practice / Hosting in practice
• Python web frameworks
  • Django / Web frameworks
  • CherryPy / Web frameworks
  • Flask / Web frameworks
  • TurboGears / Web frameworks
  • Pyramid / Web frameworks
  • Tornado / Web frameworks

Q

• queues / Queues
• quit() method
  • about / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib

R

• race condition / Queues
• redirects
  • about / Redirects
• Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) / IP addresses on the Internet
• regional routers
  • about / Networks
• relative URLs / Paths and relative URLs
• request
  • about / Request and response
• Request for Comments (RFC) / Taking it from the top
• request line / HTTP headers
• request method / HTTP headers
• requests, customizing
  • about / Customizing requests
  • content compression / Content compression
  • multiple values / Multiple values
• requests, with urllib
  • about / Requests with urllib
• requests-oauthlib documentation
  • URL / Alternative oAuth flows
• Requests for Comment (RFCs) / An introduction to TCP/IP networks
• Requests library
  • about / The Requests library
  • URL / The Requests library
  • errors handling with / Handling errors with Requests
• response
  • about / Request and response
• response objects
  • about / Response objects
• REST (Representational State Transfer) / The Amazon S3 API
• REST API / The Amazon S3 API
• retr() method
  • about / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib
• reverse proxy / Hosting in practice
• RFC 2822
  • URL / Sending e-mails with SMTP
• RFC4251
  • URL / Secure shell – access using Python
• RFC 4291
  • URL / IPv6
• Robots.txt file
  • URL / The Robots.txt file
  • about / The Robots.txt file
• root / Paths and relative URLs
• router
  • about / Networks
• routing table
  • about / Networks

S

• S3 buckets
  • about / S3 buckets and objects
• S3 command line client
  • about / An S3 command-line client
  • bucket, creating with API / Creating a bucket with the API
  • file, uploading / Uploading a file
  • uploaded file, retrieving through web browser / Retrieving an uploaded file through a web browser
  • uploaded file, displaying in web browser / Displaying an uploaded file in a web browser
• SAMBA
  • files, sharing with / Sharing files with SAMBA
  • packets, inspecting / Inspecting SAMBA packets
• SAX / The XML APIs
• scheme / URLs
• screen scraping, HTML
  • about / HTML and screen scraping
  • HTML parsers / HTML parsers
  • data, displaying / Show me the data
  • HTML, parsing with lxml / Parsing HTML with lxml
  • zeroing in / Zeroing in
  • XPath, searching with / Searching with XPath
  • XPath conditions / XPath conditions
  • script, writing / Pulling it together
• secure file transfer protocol (SFTP) / Transferring files through SFTP
  • files, transferring through / Transferring files through SFTP
• Secure Socket Layer (SSL) / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
• security
  • about / A note on security
  • Cross-site scripting (XSS) / XSS
  • Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) / CSRF
• server name indication (SNI) support / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
• simple echo client
  • about / A simple echo client
• simple echo server
  • about / A simple echo server, The server itself
  • received data, handling / Handling the received data
• Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) / Layer 5 – The application layer
• SMTP
  • about / E-mail terminologies
  • e-mail, sending with / Sending e-mails with SMTP
  • e-mail message, composing / Composing an e-mail message
  • e-mail message, sending / Sending an e-mail message
• SNMP
  • about / Fetching Simple Network Management Protocol data
  • data, fetching / Fetching Simple Network Management Protocol data
  • packets, inspecting / Inspecting SNMP packets
• socket family / Working with TCP sockets
• sockets
  • basics / Basics of sockets
  • securing, with TLS/SSL / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
• socket type / Working with TCP sockets
• some style
  • adding / Adding some style
• source port number
  • about / Network ports
• spoofing
  • about / User agents
• SSH
  • about / Secure shell – access using Python
  • accessing, Python used / Secure shell – access using Python
  • packets, inspecting / Inspecting the SSH packets
• SSL
  • about / Sending e-mails securely with TLS
• ssl_wrap_socket() function
  • sock parameter / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
  • keyfile parameter / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
  • certfile parameter / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
  • cert_reqs parameter / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
  • ca_certs parameter / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
  • server_hostname parameter / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
  • ssl_version parameter / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
• standard SSL client/server communication
  • inspecting / Inspecting standard SSL client/server communication
• stat() method
  • about / Retrieving e-mails by using POP3 with poplib
• stateless protocol
  • about / Cookies
• static content / What's in a web server?
• status / Sending a reply
• status codes
  • about / Status codes
  • URL / Status codes
• streaming APIs
  • about / Polling and the Twitter streaming APIs
• subnet
  • about / Routing with IP
• subnet mask
  • about / Routing with IP
• synchronization primitive / Locks

T

• TCP/IP networks
  • about / An introduction to TCP/IP networks
  • IP addresses / IP addresses
  • network interfaces / Network interfaces
  • IP addresses, assigning / Assigning IP addresses
  • IP addresses, on Internet / IP addresses on the Internet
  • packets / Packets
  • networks / Networks
  • routing, with IP / Routing with IP
  • DNS / DNS
  • protocol stack / The protocol stack or why the Internet is like a cake
  • layer 4 / Layer 4 – TCP and UDP
  • layer 5 / Layer 5 – The application layer
• TCP/IP networks, programming
  • firewall / Firewalls
  • Network Address Translation (NAT) / Network Address Translation
  • IPv6 / IPv6
• TCP port forwarding
  • about / TCP port forwarding
• TCP sockets
  • working with / Working with TCP sockets
  • client/server communications, inspecting / Inspecting the client/server communication
  • TCP servers / TCP servers
  • client/server interaction, inspecting / Inspecting client/server interaction
• template designer documentation
  • URL / Templating
• templating
  • about / Templating
• threading
  • about / Threading and the GIL
• threads
  • about / Multithreading and multiprocessing
  • URL / Threading and the GIL
• thread safe / Queues
• TLS
  • e-mail, sending with / Sending e-mails securely with TLS
  • about / Sending e-mails securely with TLS
• Tornado
  • URL / Web frameworks
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
  • about / Layer 4 – TCP and UDP, TCP
• Transport Layer Security (TLS) / Securing sockets with TLS/SSL
• TurboGears
  • URL / Web frameworks
• Twitter API
  • about / The Twitter API
  • URL / The Twitter API
  • Twitter world clock / A Twitter world clock
  • authentication / Authentication for Twitter
  • tweets, polling for / Polling for Tweets
  • tweets, processing / Processing the Tweets
  • rate limits / Rate limits
  • reply, sending / Sending a reply
  • final touches / Final touches
• Twitter streaming APIs
  • about / Polling and the Twitter streaming APIs
  • alternative oAuth flows / Alternative oAuth flows

U

• UDP sockets
  • working with / Working with UDP sockets
• UdpTransportTarget() parameter / Fetching Simple Network Management Protocol data
• upstream
  • about / Networks
• URLs
  • about / URLs
  • path URLs / Paths and relative URLs
  • absolute URL / Paths and relative URLs
  • relative URLs / Paths and relative URLs
  • query string / Query strings
  • URL encoding / URL encoding
  • in summary / URLs in summary
• user agents
  • about / User agents
  • URL / Choosing a User Agent
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
  • about / Layer 4 – TCP and UDP, UDP
  • versus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / UDP versus TCP

V

• views / Flask – a microframework

W

• web framework
  • about / Web frameworks
  • basic services / Web frameworks
• webmaster
  • about / With great power...
  • user agent, selecting / Choosing a User Agent
  • Robots.txt file / The Robots.txt file
• web server / Client and server
  • about / What's in a web server?
• Web Services Gateway Interface (WSGI) protocol / WSGI
• Wireshark
  • about / Wireshark
  • installing / Installation
  • URL / Installation
  • URL, for wiki / Installation
  • packets, capturing / Capturing some packets
  • filtering / Filtering
  • packets, inspecting / Inspecting packets
  • versatile tool / A versatile tool

X

• XML API
  • about / Getting started with XML
  • approaches / The XML APIs
  • ElementTree / The basics of ElementTree
• XML parsing, Amazon S3 API / Parsing XML and handling errors
• XSS (Cross-site scripting) / XSS
  • URL / CSRF