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  • Book Overview & Buying OpenStack Networking Cookbook
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OpenStack Networking Cookbook

OpenStack Networking Cookbook

By : Sriram Subramanian
5 (4)
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OpenStack Networking Cookbook

OpenStack Networking Cookbook

5 (4)
By: Sriram Subramanian
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Networking in OpenStack has evolved from Nova Network to Neutron. This has resulted in a rich suite of networking services available to OpenStack users and administrators. Advanced services such as routers, firewall, and load balancers use building blocks such as network and subnets. Recent improvements support powerful customization using plugins. The evolution of Neutron continues as it integrates with tools like Ceilometer and Heat. This book will explore the built-in capabilities of Neutron to effectively deploy cloud solutions. You will begin with the most fundamental constructs of OpenStack Networking for switching and routing. You will then learn how to provide your tenants with services like firewalls and load-balancers. The step-by-step recipes will help you configure and troubleshoot networking problems in your cloud. This book will also introduce you to advanced topics like Ceilometer, Heat, and other upcoming tools in OpenStack
Table of Contents (14 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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What this book covers
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What you need for this book
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Who this book is for
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Sections
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Conventions
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Reader feedback
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Customer support
Lock Free Chapter
1
1. Getting Started with OpenStack Networking
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1. Getting Started with OpenStack Networking
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Introduction
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Creating a Subnet and Network using Horizon
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Viewing the details of a Network using Horizon
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Associating a Network to an instance using Horizon
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Creating a Network using OpenStack CLI
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Creating a Subnet using OpenStack CLI
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Creating a Port without an associated instance using the OpenStack CLI
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Associating a Port to an instance using OpenStack CLI
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Configuring the networking quota in OpenStack
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2. Using Open vSwitch for VLAN-Based Networks
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2. Using Open vSwitch for VLAN-Based Networks
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron to use the Open vSwitch mechanism driver
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Configuring Neutron to use the VLAN type driver
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Configuring the VLAN range to be used for the networks
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Viewing the VLAN allotted for a Network
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Creating a Network with a specific VLAN
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the compute node
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the Network node
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3. Exploring Other Network Types in Neutron
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3. Exploring Other Network Types in Neutron
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron to use the Linux bridge mechanism driver
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Viewing the virtual interface information for Linux bridge on the compute node
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Configuring Neutron to use a Flat network type
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Creating a Flat Network using Horizon
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Creating a Shared Network using Horizon
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Creating an External Network using Horizon
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Setting up a simple web application – an introduction
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Setting up a simple web application – setting up OpenStack Networks
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Setting up a simple web application – creating instances
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4. Exploring Overlay Networks with Neutron
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4. Exploring Overlay Networks with Neutron
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron to use a VXLAN type driver
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Configuring a VNI Range for VXLAN Networks
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Viewing a VNI assigned to a Neutron Network
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Creating a Network with a specific VNI
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the compute node for VXLAN tunnels
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the network node for VXLAN tunnels
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Configuring Neutron to use a GRE type driver
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Viewing a virtual interface on the compute node for GRE tunnels
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5. Managing IP Addresses in Neutron
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5. Managing IP Addresses in Neutron
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Introduction
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Creating an instance with a specific IP address
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Configuring multiple IP addresses for a virtual interface
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Creating a redundant DHCP server per OpenStack Network
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Starting the DHCP server on a specific network node
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Increasing the number of IP addresses in a Network using the Horizon dashboard
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6. Using Routing Services in Neutron
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6. Using Routing Services in Neutron
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron for Routing services
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Creating a Router using the Horizon dashboard and Neutron CLI
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Enabling instances on different Networks to communicate
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Allowing the Virtual Machine instances to access the Internet
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Providing access to a Virtual Machine from an external Network or the Internet using Horizon
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Creating and deleting a floating IP address using the Neutron CLI
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Associating a floating IP address to a virtual machine using the Neutron CLI
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7. Using Neutron Security and Firewall Services
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7. Using Neutron Security and Firewall Services
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Introduction
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Creating a security group using Horizon
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Configuring the security group rules using Horizon
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Creating a security group using CLI
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Configuring the security group rules using CLI
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Securing the traffic between instances on the same Network
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Creating the security group rules to allow web traffic
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Configuring Neutron for the Firewall service
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Creating the Firewall rules
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Creating the Firewall policies
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Creating a Firewall
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Viewing and verifying the Firewall rules on the Network node
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8. Using HAProxy for Load Balancing
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8. Using HAProxy for Load Balancing
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Introduction
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Installing and configuring the Neutron load balancer service plugin
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Creating a load balancer pool using Horizon
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Creating a load balancer pool using CLI
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Adding a load balancer member using Horizon
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Adding a load balancer member using CLI
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Adding a load balancer health monitor using Horizon
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Adding a load balancer health monitor using CLI
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Creating a Virtual IP using Horizon
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Creating a Virtual IP using CLI
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Making the load balancer accessible to the Internet
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Testing the load balancer
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Viewing the load balancer on the network node
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9. Monitoring OpenStack Networks
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9. Monitoring OpenStack Networks
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Introduction
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Monitoring the Virtual Machine bandwidth
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Monitoring the L3 bandwidth
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Monitoring the load balancer connection statistics
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Monitoring the per project and per user bandwidth
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Monitoring the host Network bandwidth
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10. Writing Your Own Neutron ML2 Mechanism Driver
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10. Writing Your Own Neutron ML2 Mechanism Driver
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Introduction
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Creating a basic ML2 mechanism driver
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Registering your ML2 mechanism driver with the Neutron server
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Processing API requests for a Network
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Processing API requests for a Subnet
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Processing API requests for a Port
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11. Troubleshooting Tips for Neutron
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11. Troubleshooting Tips for Neutron
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Introduction
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Troubleshooting a VM that does not get a DHCP IP address
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Troubleshooting a VM that does not get an initial configuration
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Troubleshooting a VM that does not get external Network access
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Troubleshooting a VM not reachable from external Networks
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Checking the status of the Neutron service
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Checking the MAC address table on a virtual switch
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12. Advanced Topics
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12. Advanced Topics
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron for VPN as a service
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Testing VPN as a service on Neutron
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Using link aggregation on the compute node
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Integrating networking in a Heat template
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Index
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Index

Creating a Network using OpenStack CLI

We have seen how to use the Horizon dashboard to create a Network. Let's now do the same with OpenStack CLI. Several CLI commands offer additional capabilities when compared to the dashboard. So it is good to develop a sound knowledge of the CLI commands.

Getting ready

You will need the following information to create a Network using CLI:

  • The login credentials for SSH to a node where the Neutron client packages are installed (usually the controller node)
  • A shell RC file that initializes the environment variables for CLI

How to do it…

The next set of steps will show you how to use the Neutron CLI commands to create a Network:

  1. Using the appropriate credentials, SSH into the OpenStack node where the Neutron client software packages are installed.
  2. Source the shell RC file to initialize the environment variables required for the CLI commands:
    openstack@controller:~$ source author_openrc.sh
  3. The contents of a typical shell RC file are as follows:
    openstack@controller:~$ cat author_openrc.sh
export OS_TENANT_NAME=cookbook
export OS_USERNAME=author
export OS_PASSWORD=password
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v2.0
openstack@controller:~$ openstack
  4. The command to create a Network is neutron net-create, and in the simplest form, the only argument required is the Network name:
    How to do it…
  5. You can view all the Networks created using the neutron net-list command:
    How to do it…
  6. One of the interesting command-line options for the neutron net-create command is the --tenant-id option. This option allows users with an administrative role to create a Network for another tenant. The following screenshot shows you how an administrative user (for an administrative project or tenant) creates a Network for a cookbook tenant:
    How to do it…
  7. The tenant ID argument works only when the user specifies the unique tenant ID. However, sometimes it is convenient to use the tenant name. The following command automates the conversion from the tenant to the tenant ID. The keyword, cookbook, is the tenant name used for this command:
    How to do it…

How it works…

When the user executes the neutron net-create command, the user name and tenant name attributes are taken from the shell environment variables that were initialized at the beginning. Neutron creates the Network with this user and tenant (or project). However, once the --tenant-id option is used, the Network is created on behalf of the tenant whose ID is specified.

There's more…

Users can specify several other arguments while creating Networks. These options are provider:network_type, --provider:segmentation_id, and router:external. While we will be taking a closer look at these parameters in the subsequent chapters, it is important to note that some of these options are available only if users have the administrative privilege.

To view the details of a specific Network, you can use the neutron net-show command.

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