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  • Book Overview & Buying OpenStack Networking Cookbook
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OpenStack Networking Cookbook

OpenStack Networking Cookbook

By : Sriram Subramanian
5 (4)
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OpenStack Networking Cookbook

OpenStack Networking Cookbook

5 (4)
By: Sriram Subramanian
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Networking in OpenStack has evolved from Nova Network to Neutron. This has resulted in a rich suite of networking services available to OpenStack users and administrators. Advanced services such as routers, firewall, and load balancers use building blocks such as network and subnets. Recent improvements support powerful customization using plugins. The evolution of Neutron continues as it integrates with tools like Ceilometer and Heat. This book will explore the built-in capabilities of Neutron to effectively deploy cloud solutions. You will begin with the most fundamental constructs of OpenStack Networking for switching and routing. You will then learn how to provide your tenants with services like firewalls and load-balancers. The step-by-step recipes will help you configure and troubleshoot networking problems in your cloud. This book will also introduce you to advanced topics like Ceilometer, Heat, and other upcoming tools in OpenStack
Table of Contents (14 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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What this book covers
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What you need for this book
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Who this book is for
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Sections
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Conventions
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Reader feedback
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Customer support
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1
1. Getting Started with OpenStack Networking
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1. Getting Started with OpenStack Networking
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Introduction
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Creating a Subnet and Network using Horizon
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Viewing the details of a Network using Horizon
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Associating a Network to an instance using Horizon
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Creating a Network using OpenStack CLI
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Creating a Subnet using OpenStack CLI
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Creating a Port without an associated instance using the OpenStack CLI
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Associating a Port to an instance using OpenStack CLI
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Configuring the networking quota in OpenStack
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2. Using Open vSwitch for VLAN-Based Networks
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2. Using Open vSwitch for VLAN-Based Networks
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron to use the Open vSwitch mechanism driver
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Configuring Neutron to use the VLAN type driver
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Configuring the VLAN range to be used for the networks
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Viewing the VLAN allotted for a Network
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Creating a Network with a specific VLAN
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the compute node
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the Network node
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3. Exploring Other Network Types in Neutron
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3. Exploring Other Network Types in Neutron
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron to use the Linux bridge mechanism driver
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Viewing the virtual interface information for Linux bridge on the compute node
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Configuring Neutron to use a Flat network type
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Creating a Flat Network using Horizon
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Creating a Shared Network using Horizon
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Creating an External Network using Horizon
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Setting up a simple web application – an introduction
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Setting up a simple web application – setting up OpenStack Networks
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Setting up a simple web application – creating instances
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4. Exploring Overlay Networks with Neutron
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4. Exploring Overlay Networks with Neutron
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron to use a VXLAN type driver
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Configuring a VNI Range for VXLAN Networks
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Viewing a VNI assigned to a Neutron Network
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Creating a Network with a specific VNI
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the compute node for VXLAN tunnels
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Viewing the virtual interface information on the network node for VXLAN tunnels
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Configuring Neutron to use a GRE type driver
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Viewing a virtual interface on the compute node for GRE tunnels
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5. Managing IP Addresses in Neutron
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5. Managing IP Addresses in Neutron
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Introduction
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Creating an instance with a specific IP address
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Configuring multiple IP addresses for a virtual interface
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Creating a redundant DHCP server per OpenStack Network
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Starting the DHCP server on a specific network node
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Increasing the number of IP addresses in a Network using the Horizon dashboard
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6. Using Routing Services in Neutron
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6. Using Routing Services in Neutron
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron for Routing services
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Creating a Router using the Horizon dashboard and Neutron CLI
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Enabling instances on different Networks to communicate
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Allowing the Virtual Machine instances to access the Internet
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Providing access to a Virtual Machine from an external Network or the Internet using Horizon
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Creating and deleting a floating IP address using the Neutron CLI
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Associating a floating IP address to a virtual machine using the Neutron CLI
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7. Using Neutron Security and Firewall Services
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7. Using Neutron Security and Firewall Services
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Introduction
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Creating a security group using Horizon
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Configuring the security group rules using Horizon
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Creating a security group using CLI
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Configuring the security group rules using CLI
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Securing the traffic between instances on the same Network
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Creating the security group rules to allow web traffic
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Configuring Neutron for the Firewall service
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Creating the Firewall rules
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Creating the Firewall policies
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Creating a Firewall
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Viewing and verifying the Firewall rules on the Network node
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8. Using HAProxy for Load Balancing
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8. Using HAProxy for Load Balancing
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Introduction
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Installing and configuring the Neutron load balancer service plugin
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Creating a load balancer pool using Horizon
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Creating a load balancer pool using CLI
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Adding a load balancer member using Horizon
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Adding a load balancer member using CLI
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Adding a load balancer health monitor using Horizon
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Adding a load balancer health monitor using CLI
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Creating a Virtual IP using Horizon
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Creating a Virtual IP using CLI
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Making the load balancer accessible to the Internet
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Testing the load balancer
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Viewing the load balancer on the network node
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9. Monitoring OpenStack Networks
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9. Monitoring OpenStack Networks
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Introduction
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Monitoring the Virtual Machine bandwidth
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Monitoring the L3 bandwidth
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Monitoring the load balancer connection statistics
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Monitoring the per project and per user bandwidth
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Monitoring the host Network bandwidth
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10. Writing Your Own Neutron ML2 Mechanism Driver
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10. Writing Your Own Neutron ML2 Mechanism Driver
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Introduction
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Creating a basic ML2 mechanism driver
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Registering your ML2 mechanism driver with the Neutron server
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Processing API requests for a Network
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Processing API requests for a Subnet
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Processing API requests for a Port
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11. Troubleshooting Tips for Neutron
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11. Troubleshooting Tips for Neutron
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Introduction
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Troubleshooting a VM that does not get a DHCP IP address
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Troubleshooting a VM that does not get an initial configuration
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Troubleshooting a VM that does not get external Network access
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Troubleshooting a VM not reachable from external Networks
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Checking the status of the Neutron service
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Checking the MAC address table on a virtual switch
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12. Advanced Topics
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12. Advanced Topics
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Introduction
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Configuring Neutron for VPN as a service
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Testing VPN as a service on Neutron
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Using link aggregation on the compute node
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Integrating networking in a Heat template
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Index
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Index

Configuring the networking quota in OpenStack

Quotas are limits defined in OpenStack to ensure that the system resources and capacity are used in a systematic manner. Different users can be given different quota limits based on their requirement and priority. In this recipe, we will show you how to configure a quota related to networking at a project level and for the whole system.

Getting ready

The setting up and enforcement of the quota are done at the project level. If any user in the project tries to exceed the allotted quota, the system will reject the corresponding request. To configure the quota-related parameters, you need to have a good idea about the capacity, scale, and performance requirements of your OpenStack-based cloud.

How to do it…

The following steps will show you how to configure the networking-related quota:

  1. Log in to the OpenStack Horizon dashboard using a user ID with an administrative role.
  2. In the left navigation menu, click on Identity and then Projects. In the Actions column, select Modify Quota for the tenant of your choice, as follows:
    How to do it…
  3. In the resulting window, the networking-related quotas are defined as shown in the following screenshot. Make the changes and click Save.
    How to do it…
  4. In order to change the networking-related quota at the whole system level, you need to change the settings in the Neutron server configuration file.
  5. With the appropriate credentials, SSH into the node where the Neutron server is running.
  6. Open the Neutron configuration file using your desired editor. For example, the command for vi editor will be as follows:
    openstack@controller:~$ sudo vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
  7. In the configuration file, look for a section starting with [quotas]. All the quota-related settings start with quota_. Edit these settings as required and save the file.
  8. The Neutron server needs to be restarted for these settings to take effect. Restart the Neutron server using the following command:
    sudo service neutron-server restart

How it works…

All the quota settings are stored on a per project (tenant) basis. During the creation of a project using CLI or Horizon, OpenStack (Keystone) fetches the system-wide default quotas from the configuration files and associates them to the project (or tenant). Hereafter, even if the system-wide quotas are changed, the project-level quotas do not change automatically. However, the project-level quotas can be changed anytime using Horizon or CLI, and these changes take effect immediately.

All the OpenStack commands and API calls are checked against the project-level quotas. If any commands or API calls violate the limits, they will be rejected with an appropriate error.

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