Book Image

JUNOS Automation Cookbook

By : Adam Chappell
Book Image

JUNOS Automation Cookbook

By: Adam Chappell

Overview of this book

The JUNOS Automation Cookbook is a companion guide for the complex field of automating tasks on JUNOS devices. With a foundation in industry-standrd XML, JUNOS provides an ideal environment for programmatic interation, allowing you to build upon the capabilities provided by Juniper, with your own original code. You will begin by learning about, and setting up, the industry-standard NETCONF remote procedure call mechanisms on your device. After initial setup, you'll walk through SLAX - Juniper's foundation scripting language - for manipulating XML representations of JUNOS concepts and elements. You'll learn how to write your own SLAX scripts to customise the operating environment, and also how to write proactive event handlers that deal with situations as they happen. You'll then delve into PyEZ - Juniper's bridging framework to make automation accessible to Python code - allowing you to build automation applications in the popular scripting language. You'll witness some examples of how to write applications that can monitor configuration changes, implement BGP security policies and implement ad-hoc routing protocols, for those really tricky situations. You'll also leaarn how asynchronous I/O frameworks like Node.js can be used to implement automation applications that present an acceptable web interface. Along with way, you'll explore how to make use of the latest RESTful APIs that JUNOS provides, how to visualize aspects of your JUNOS network, and how to integrate your automation capabilities with enterprise-wide orchestration systems like Ansible. By the end of the book, you'll be able to tackle JUNOS automation challenges with confidence and understanding, and without hassle.

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Table of Contents (10 chapters)
Preface
Preface
What this book covers?
Sections
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Free Chapter
1
Configuring JUNOS through NETCONF
Configuring JUNOS through NETCONF
Introduction
JUNOS NETCONF over SSH setup
Making NETCONF RPC requests and replies
Discovering NETCONF RPCs
Using NETCONF to apply configuration changes
Processing NETCONF using classic Expect/TCL
Processing NETCONF with Python
Processing NETCONF with Node.js
2
Working with the Junos REST API
Working with the Junos REST API
Introduction
Junos REST API setup
Making REST API calls to Junos with Python
Making REST API calls to Junos with Node.js
Managing passwords safely
Applying configuration changes through the REST API
3
Using SLAX to Write Op Scripts
Using SLAX to Write Op Scripts
Introduction
Making remote procedure calls
Using XPath predicate expressions
Working with regular expressions
Working with IP addresses
Debugging SLAX scripts
Making custom show commands
Making configuration changes
4
Event Programming
Event Programming
Introduction
Archiving configurations after a change
Capturing output after an event
Custom responses to an event
Dealing with a flapping interface
Dealing with a flapping OSPF neighbor
DIY routing protocol
Debugging event scripts
5
Automating JUNOS with PyEZ
Automating JUNOS with PyEZ
Introduction
Setting up a PyEZ environment
Exploring the XML RPC using PyEZ
Calling operational RPCs and setting timeouts
Configuration analysis and reporting
Making raw CLI commands from PyEZ
Using tables and views
Using custom tables and views
Making configuration changes with PyEZ
Template configurations with Jinja2
6
Advanced Visualization Applications
Advanced Visualization Applications
Introduction
Visualizing graphs
Extracting graphs from ISIS
Extracting graphs from OSPF
Extracting graphs from MPLS VPNs
7
Monitoring and Maintaining JUNOS
Monitoring and Maintaining JUNOS
Introduction
Monitoring configuration changes network-wide
Monitoring interface performance
Monitoring system health
Monitoring MPLS LDP statistics
8
Security Applications
Security Applications
Introduction
Enforcing configuration standards through commit scripts
Building BGP route filters
Applying anti-spoofing filters
Operating a distributed ACL function
9
Extending JUNOS with Ansible
Extending JUNOS with Ansible
Introduction
Installing Ansible
Configuring Ansible for JUNOS
Extracting estate-wide configurations
Performing platform-specific or group-specific operations
Using variables and vaults

Using custom tables and views

In this recipe, we’ll build on the learning from the previous recipe, regarding tables and views. PyEZ includes a built-in table for looking at BGP neighbors but with operational experience, it can be a bit lacking in utility. The deficiencies include:

  • The table uses the peer_id attribute to identify the remote peer. When the peering session is not established, this is simply the value of the configured neighbor to whom TCP sessions will be directed and it’s generally useful. But when the session establishes, this field changes to show the router ID of the remote peer - a system-wide identifier, rather than an interface identifier - which is unlikely to be the same for EBGP peers in an internet context.
  • The view associated with the table omits some of the BGP I/O parameters, which can be useful in troubleshooting slow readers and writers...
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