Book Image

Hands-On Linux for Architects

By : Denis Salamanca, Esteban Flores
Book Image

Hands-On Linux for Architects

By: Denis Salamanca, Esteban Flores

Overview of this book

It is very important to understand the ?exibility of an infrastructure when designing an efficient environment. In this book, you will cover everything from Linux components and functionalities through to hardware and software support, which will help you to implement and tune effective Linux-based solutions. This book gets started with an overview of Linux design methodology. Next, you will focus on the core concepts of designing a solution. As you progress, you will gain insights into the kinds of decisions you need to make when deploying a high-performance solution using Gluster File System (GlusterFS). In the next set of chapters, the book will guide you through the technique of using Kubernetes as an orchestrator for deploying and managing containerized applications. In addition to this, you will learn how to apply and configure Kubernetes for your NGINX application. You’ll then learn how to implement an ELK stack, which is composed of Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana. In the concluding chapters, you will focus on installing and configuring a Saltstack solution to manage different Linux distributions, and explore a variety of design best practices. By the end of this book, you will be well-versed with designing a high-performing computing environment for complex applications to run on. By the end of the book, you will have delved inside the most detailed technical conditions of designing a solution, and you will have also dissected every aspect in detail in order to implement and tune open source Linux-based solutions

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Table of Contents (22 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Get in touch
Free Chapter
1
Section 1: High-Performance Storage Solutions with GlusterFS
Section 1: High-Performance Storage Solutions with GlusterFS
2
Introduction to Design Methodology
Introduction to Design Methodology
Defining the stages of solution design and why they matter
Analyzing the problem and asking the right questions
Considering possible solutions
Implementing the solution
Summary
Questions
Further reading
3
Defining GlusterFS Storage
Defining GlusterFS Storage
Technical requirements
What is a cluster?
What is GlusterFS?
Block, file, and object storage
Why choose GlusterFS?
The need for highly redundant storage
The need for high performance
Parallel I/O
Summary
Questions
Further reading
4
Architecting a Storage Cluster
Architecting a Storage Cluster
Technical requirements
GlusterFS compute requirements
How much space do you need?
Performance considerations
The best approach for high availability
How the workload defines requirements
Summary
Questions
Further reading
5
Using GlusterFS on the Cloud Infrastructure
Using GlusterFS on the Cloud Infrastructure
Technical requirements
Setting up the bricks used for backend storage
Installing GlusterFS on the nodes
Creating the volumes
Optimizing performance
Summary
Questions
Further reading
6
Analyzing Performance in a Gluster System
Analyzing Performance in a Gluster System
Technical requirements
An overview of the implementation
Performance testing
Availability testing
Scaling
Summary
Questions
Further reading
7
Section 2: High-Availablility Nginx Web Application Using Kubernetes
Section 2: High-Availablility Nginx Web Application Using Kubernetes
8
Creating a Highly Available Self-Healing Architecture
Creating a Highly Available Self-Healing Architecture
Microservices
Creating container images
Building container images using best practices
Container orchestration
Kubernetes
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Bibliography/sources
9
Understanding the Core Components of a Kubernetes Cluster
Understanding the Core Components of a Kubernetes Cluster
The Kubernetes control plane
Kubernetes worker nodes
Kubernetes objects
Summary
Questions
Further reading
10
Architecting a Kubernetes Cluster
Architecting a Kubernetes Cluster
Kube-sizing
Storage considerations
Network requirements
Customizing kube objects
Summary
Questions
Further reading
11
Deploying and Configuring Kubernetes
Deploying and Configuring Kubernetes
Infrastructure deployment
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Bibliography/sources:
12
Section 3: Elastic Stack
Section 3: Elastic Stack
13
Monitoring with the ELK Stack
Monitoring with the ELK Stack
Technical requirements
Understanding the need for monitoring
Centralized logs
Elasticsearch overview
Logstash
Kibana brings everything together
Summary
Questions
Further reading
14
Designing an ELK Stack
Designing an ELK Stack
Technical requirements
Elasticsearch CPU requirements
Memory sizing for Elasticsearch
Storage configuration for Elasticsearch
Logstash and Kibana requirements
Summary
Questions
Further reading
15
Using Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana to Manage Logs
Using Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana to Manage Logs
Technical requirements
Deployment overview
Installing Elasticsearch
Configuring Elasticsearch
Installing Logstash and Kibana
Configuring Kibana
Starting Logstash and Kibana
What are Beats?
Let's not skip a beat – installing Beats
Configuring Beats clients
Next steps
Summary
Questions
Further reading
16
Section 4: System Management Using Saltstack
Section 4: System Management Using Saltstack
17
Solving Management Problems with Salty Solutions
Solving Management Problems with Salty Solutions
Centralizing system management
Understanding NaCl
Summary
Questions
Further reading
18
Getting Your Hands Salty
Getting Your Hands Salty
Hands-on with Salt
Installing Salt with package managers
Summary
19
Design Best Practices
Design Best Practices
Designing for the occasion
On-premises environments
Cloud environments
The journey to the cloud
Summary
Questions
Further reading
20
Assessments
Assessments
Chapter 1: Introduction to Design Methodology
Chapter 2: Defining GlusterFS Storage
Chapter 3: Architecting a Storage Cluster
Chapter 4: Using GlusterFS on Cloud Infrastructure
Chapter 5: Analyzing Performance in a Gluster System
Chapter 6: Creating a Highly Available Self-Healing Architecture
Chapter 7: Understanding the Core Components of a Kubernetes Cluster
Chapter 8: Architecting Kubernetes on Azure
Chapter 9: Deploying and Configuring Kubernetes
Chapter 10: Monitoring with ELK stack
Chapter 11: Designing an ELK Stack
Chapter 12: Using Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana to Manage Logs
Chapter 13: Solving Management Problems with Salty Solutions
Chapter 14: Designing a Salt Solution and Installing the Software
Chapter 15: Design Best Practices
21
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Deployment overview

For this deployment, we will be using Elasticsearch version 6.5 (which is the latest version at the time of writing). This means that all subsequent components must be the same version. The base OS will be CentOS 7.6. While this specific deployment will be implemented on a local virtual machine (VM) setup, the concepts can still be applied to the cloud.

Elasticsearch will be deployed using 2 nodes on 2 vCPU VMs with 4 GB of RAM each (in Chapter 11, Designing an ELK Stack, we established that the minimum RAM required is about 2.5 GB). The underlying storage for the VMs is non-volatile memory express (NVMe), so some considerations need to be taken when replicating the setup somewhere else. In terms of space, the Elasticsearch nodes will have 64 GB of disk space each; the nodes will have the 64 GB disk mounted to the /var/lib/elasticsearch directory.

Logstash...

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