Book Image

The Definitive Guide to Modernizing Applications on Google Cloud

By : Steve (Satish) Sangapu, Dheeraj Panyam, Jason Marston
Book Image

The Definitive Guide to Modernizing Applications on Google Cloud

By: Steve (Satish) Sangapu, Dheeraj Panyam, Jason Marston

Overview of this book

Legacy applications, which comprise 75–80% of all enterprise applications, often end up being stuck in data centers. Modernizing these applications to make them cloud-native enables them to scale in a cloud environment without taking months or years to start seeing the benefits. This book will help software developers and solutions architects to modernize their applications on Google Cloud and transform them into cloud-native applications. This book helps you to build on your existing knowledge of enterprise application development and takes you on a journey through the six Rs: rehosting, replatforming, rearchitecting, repurchasing, retiring, and retaining. You'll learn how to modernize a legacy enterprise application on Google Cloud and build on existing assets and skills effectively. Taking an iterative and incremental approach to modernization, the book introduces the main services in Google Cloud in an easy-to-understand way that can be applied immediately to an application. By the end of this Google Cloud book, you'll have learned how to modernize a legacy enterprise application by exploring various interim architectures and tooling to develop a cloud-native microservices-based application.

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Table of Contents (26 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
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1
Section 1: Cloud-Native Application Development and App Modernization in Google Cloud
Section 1: Cloud-Native Application Development and App Modernization in Google Cloud
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 1: Cloud-Native Application Fundamentals
Chapter 1: Cloud-Native Application Fundamentals
The cloud-native ecosystem
Benefits of cloud-native applications
Principles of cloud-native architecture
Applying the 12-factor app principles on Google Cloud
Summary
3
Chapter 2: End-to-End Extensible Tooling for Cloud-Native Application Development
Chapter 2: End-to-End Extensible Tooling for Cloud-Native Application Development
Moving past third-party services – the beauty of end-to-end tooling
Google Cloud Code
Google Cloud Build
Google Container Registry
Google Cloud Run
Google Kubernetes Engine
Operations suite
Summary
4
Chapter 3: Cloud-Native Architecture Patterns and System Architecture Tenets
Chapter 3: Cloud-Native Architecture Patterns and System Architecture Tenets
Cloud-native patterns
Solving challenges with cloud-native patterns
Cloud-native design patterns
Hybrid and multi-cloud architecture recommendations
Summary
5
Section 2: Selecting the Right Google Cloud Services
Section 2: Selecting the Right Google Cloud Services
6
Chapter 4: Choosing the Right Compute Option
Chapter 4: Choosing the Right Compute Option
Five compute options… and Firebase
How important is it to choose the right option?
Summary
7
Chapter 5: Choosing the Right Database and Storage
Chapter 5: Choosing the Right Database and Storage
Storage and database options on Google Cloud – the big three
Additional storage and database options
Security and flexibility
Summary
8
Chapter 6: Implementing a Messaging and Scheduling System
Chapter 6: Implementing a Messaging and Scheduling System
Understanding the requirements of a messaging system
Introduction to asynchronous messaging
Introduction to Pub/Sub
Introduction to Cloud Tasks
Introduction to Cloud Scheduler
Summary
9
Chapter 7: Implementing Cloud-Native Security
Chapter 7: Implementing Cloud-Native Security
The principles and concepts of cloud security
Cloud IAM
Concepts of IAM
Cloud IAM on Google Cloud Platform
Components of Cloud IAM
Limitations of Cloud IAM
Cloud Identity
Cloud Identity Platform
BeyondCorp (a new approach to enterprise security)
Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP)
Summary
10
Section 3: Rehosting and Replatforming the Application
Section 3: Rehosting and Replatforming the Application
11
Chapter 8: Introducing the Legacy Application
Chapter 8: Introducing the Legacy Application
Technical requirements
The infrastructure architecture
The software architecture
Explaining the software architecture
Implementing the software
Understanding the layers of the application
Validation and defensive programming
Summary
12
Chapter 9: The Initial Architecture on Google Compute Engine
Chapter 9: The Initial Architecture on Google Compute Engine
Technical requirements
The initial infrastructure design
Creating the modernization project
Implementing the network
Implementing the VMs
Importing the data
Summary
13
Chapter 10: Addressing Scalability and Availability
Chapter 10: Addressing Scalability and Availability
Technical Requirements
Designing for scalability and availability
Using instance templates
Using managed instance groups
Using an HTTP(S) load balancer
Summary
14
Chapter 11: Re-Platforming the Data Layer
Chapter 11: Re-Platforming the Data Layer
Designing for scalability and availability
Using Cloud Memorystore
Using Cloud SQL
Using Cloud SQL Proxy
Using Cloud Spanner
Importing data into Cloud SQL
Summary
15
Chapter 12: Designing the Interim Architecture
Chapter 12: Designing the Interim Architecture
The infrastructure architecture
The software architecture
Summary
16
Chapter 13: Refactoring to Microservices
Chapter 13: Refactoring to Microservices
Technical requirements
Analyzing the structure of the application backend
Refactoring into microservices
Refactoring the database
The web frontend
The Strangler Pattern revisited
Containerizing the deployment units with Docker
Summary
17
Section 4: Refactoring the Application on Cloud-Native/PaaS and Serverless in Google Cloud
Section 4: Refactoring the Application on Cloud-Native/PaaS and Serverless in Google Cloud
18
Chapter 14: Refactoring the Frontend and Exposing REST Services
Chapter 14: Refactoring the Frontend and Exposing REST Services
Technical requirements
Creating REST controllers
Creating an AngularJS web frontend
Authenticating in the web frontend
Validating the authentication token in the REST controllers
Summary
19
Chapter 15: Handling Eventual Consistency with the Compensation Pattern
Chapter 15: Handling Eventual Consistency with the Compensation Pattern
Technical requirements
The distributed transaction problem
The compensation pattern
Creating topics and subscriptions with Google Cloud Pub/Sub
Implementing eventual consistency and the compensation pattern
Deploying and testing the application
Summary
20
Chapter 16: Orchestrating Your Application with Google Kubernetes Engine
Chapter 16: Orchestrating Your Application with Google Kubernetes Engine
Technical requirements
Introducing GKE
Configuring the environment
Deploying and configuring the microservices
Configuring public access to the application
When to use GKE
Summary
21
Chapter 17: Going Serverless with Google App Engine
Chapter 17: Going Serverless with Google App Engine
Technical requirements
Introducing Google App Engine
Deploying containers to the App Engine flexible environment
When to use Google App Engine
Summary
22
Chapter 18: Future Proofing Your App with Google Cloud Run
Chapter 18: Future Proofing Your App with Google Cloud Run
Technical requirements
Cloud Run
Deploying containers to Google Cloud Run
When to use Cloud Run
Summary
23
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Appendix A: Choosing the Right Migration Strategy
Appendix A: Choosing the Right Migration Strategy
Step 1 – assess
Step 2 – plan
Step 3 – migrate
Step 4 – optimize
Appendix B: Application Modernization Solutions
Appendix B: Application Modernization Solutions
Modernizing Java apps
Preparing to modernize Java apps
Modernization strategies (the 6 Rs of modernization)
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Explaining the software architecture

For our application, we have combined Domain-Driven Design (DDD) and MVC so our legacy application has layers or tiers.

As we followed these approaches, we have the following categories of classes:

  • Controller: Processes the requests from the browser, invokes the appropriate service, and passes the result to the appropriate view (Thymeleaf template).
  • Bean: Encapsulates the information sent to and received from a web page. This is also known as the ViewModel.
  • Service (domain service): Orchestrates the transaction by obtaining an aggregate from the repository, invoking the appropriate business logic on the aggregate and updating the repository.
  • Repository: The abstraction of the relational database that handles Object Relational Mapping (ORM). Thanks to Spring Data JPA, this is an interface and Spring Boot provides the implementation.
  • Aggregate: An object that is a group of domain objects that can be treated as a single...
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