We learned about testing and NumPy testing utilities in this chapter. We covered unit testing, assert functions, profiling, and debugging. Unit testing is a standard practice since it should give you better quality code with a low risk of regression. NumPy provides assert functions to help you with unit testing. We covered some of these functions in this chapter. No matter how good your unit tests are, at a certain point, you will have to do profiling and debugging, so pointers are given in that respect.

The topic of the next chapter is the scientific Python ecosystem and how NumPy fits in it.