Preface
TensorFlow was open sourced in November of 2015 by Google, and since then it has become the most starred machine learning repository on GitHub. TensorFlow's popularity is due to the approach of creating computational graphs, automatic differentiation, and customizability. Because of these features, TensorFlow is a very powerful and adaptable tool that can be used to solve many different machine learning problems.
This book addresses many machine learning algorithms, applies them to real situations and data, and shows how to interpret the results.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Getting Started with TensorFlow, covers the main objects and concepts in TensorFlow. We introduce tensors, variables, and placeholders. We also show how to work with matrices and various mathematical operations in TensorFlow. At the end of the chapter we show how to access the data sources used in the rest of the book.
Chapter 2, The TensorFlow Way, establishes how to connect all the algorithm components from Chapter 1 into a computational graph in multiple ways to create a simple classifier. Along the way, we cover computational graphs, loss functions, back propagation, and training with data.
Chapter 3, Linear Regression, focuses on using TensorFlow for exploring various linear regression techniques, such as Deming, lasso, ridge, elastic net, and logistic regression. We show how to implement each in a TensorFlow computational graph.
Chapter 4, Support Vector Machines, introduces support vector machines (SVMs) and shows how to use TensorFlow to implement linear SVMs, non-linear SVMs, and multi-class SVMs.
Chapter 5, Nearest Neighbor Methods, shows how to implement nearest neighbor techniques using numerical metrics, text metrics, and scaled distance functions. We use nearest neighbor techniques to perform record matching among addresses and to classify hand-written digits from the MNIST database.
Chapter 6, Neural Networks, covers how to implement neural networks in TensorFlow, starting with the operational gates and activation function concepts. We then show a shallow neural network and show how to build up various different types of layers. We end the chapter by teaching TensorFlow to play tic-tac-toe via a neural network method.
Chapter 7, Natural Language Processing, illustrates various text processing techniques with TensorFlow. We show how to implement the bag-of-words technique and TF-IDF for text. We then introduce neural network text representations with CBOW and skip-gram and use these techniques for Word2Vec and Doc2Vec for making real-world predictions.
Chapter 8, Convolutional Neural Networks, expands our knowledge of neural networks by illustrating how to use neural networks on images with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We show how to build a simple CNN for MNIST digit recognition and extend it to color images in the CIFAR-10 task. We also illustrate how to extend prior trained image recognition models for custom tasks. We end the chapter by explaining and showing the stylenet/neural style and deep-dream algorithms in TensorFlow.
Chapter 9, Recurrent Neural Networks, explains how to implement recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in TensorFlow. We show how to do text-spam prediction, and expand the RNN model to do text generation based on Shakespeare. We also train a sequence to sequence model for German-English translation. We finish the chapter by showing the usage of Siamese RNN networks for record matching on addresses.
Chapter 10, Taking TensorFlow to Production, gives tips and examples on moving TensorFlow to a production environment and how to take advantage of multiple processing devices (for example GPUs) and setting up TensorFlow distributed on multiple machines.
Chapter 11, More with TensorFlow, show the versatility of TensorFlow by illustrating how to do k-means, genetic algorithms, and solve a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We also show the various uses of Tensorboard, and how to view computational graph metrics.
What you need for this book
The recipes in this book use TensorFlow, which is available at https://www.tensorflow.org/ and are based on Python 3, available at https://www.python.org/downloads/. Most of the recipes will require the use of an Internet connection to download the necessary data.
Who this book is for
The TensorFlow Machine Learning Cookbook is for users that have some experience with machine learning and some experience with Python programming. Users with an extensive machine learning background may find the TensorFlow code enlightening, and users with an extensive Python programming background may find the explanations helpful.
Sections
In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to do it…, How it works…, There's more…, and See also).
To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows:
Getting ready
This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.
How to do it…
This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.
How it works…
This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous section.
There's more…
This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader more knowledgeable about the recipe.
See also
This section provides helpful links to other useful information for the recipe.
Conventions
In this book, there are many styles of text that distinguish between the types of information. Code words in text are shown as follows: "We then set the batch_size
variable."
A block of code is set as follows:
embedding_mat = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([vocab_size, embedding_size], -1.0, 1.0)) embedding_output = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embedding_mat, x_data_ph)
Some code blocks will have output associated with that code, and we note this in the code block as follows:
print('Training Accuracy: {}'.format(accuracy))
Which results in the following output:
Training Accuracy: 0.878171
Important words are shown in bold.
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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