Book Image

Machine Learning Quick Reference

By : Rahul Kumar
Book Image

Machine Learning Quick Reference

By: Rahul Kumar

Overview of this book

Machine learning makes it possible to learn about the unknowns and gain hidden insights into your datasets by mastering many tools and techniques. This book guides you to do just that in a very compact manner. After giving a quick overview of what machine learning is all about, Machine Learning Quick Reference jumps right into its core algorithms and demonstrates how they can be applied to real-world scenarios. From model evaluation to optimizing their performance, this book will introduce you to the best practices in machine learning. Furthermore, you will also look at the more advanced aspects such as training neural networks and work with different kinds of data, such as text, time-series, and sequential data. Advanced methods and techniques such as causal inference, deep Gaussian processes, and more are also covered. By the end of this book, you will be able to train fast, accurate machine learning models at your fingertips, which you can easily use as a point of reference.
Table of Contents (18 chapters)
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
About Packt
Contributors
Preface
Index

Self-organizing maps


Self-organizing maps (SOM) were invented by Teuvo Kohonen in the 1980s. Sometimes, they are known as Kohonen maps. So, why do they exist? The prime motive for these kind of maps is to reduce dimensionality through a neural network. The following diagram shows the different 2D patterns from the input layers:

 

They take the number of columns as input. As we can see from the 2D output, it transforms and reduces the amount of columns in the dataset into 2D.

The following link leads to the the 2D output: https://www.cs.hmc.edu/~kpang/nn/som.html

The depiction of the preceding diagram in 2D talks about a health of the country based on various factors. That is, it shows whether they are rich or poor. Some other factors that are taken into account are education, quality of life, sanitation, inflation, and health. Therefore, it forms a huge set of columns or dimensions. Countries such as Belgium and Sweden seem to show similar traits, depicting that they have got a good score on...