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Deep Learning and XAI Techniques for Anomaly Detection
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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi where the air sacs fill with pus or fluid. Symptoms of pneumonia include a cough with phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can be life-threatening if left untreated, especially in vulnerable groups such as infants, young children, and the elderly. Almost 2.5 million people died from pneumonia in 2019, according to Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/pneumonia. Viral pneumonia in the United States is commonly caused by influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
Chest X-rays are commonly used in diagnosing pneumonia in addition to clinical examination and medical history records. The continuous advancement in AI has shown promising results in finding abnormal patterns in chest X-rays, addressing the concern of needing more experts to screen radiographs.
This section reviews an example of visual anomaly detection using the...