-
Book Overview & Buying
-
Table Of Contents
Deep Learning with C++
By :
A model that performs well in the lab will eventually misbehave in production—not because the model has “gone bad,” but because the environment around it changes. New user behaviors, product updates, shifting traffic patterns, and evolving data sources gradually alter the statistical assumptions under which the model was trained.
These changes appear as distribution drift. The inputs,
, may shift (covariate drift), class frequencies,
, may change (prior shift), or the relationship between inputs and outcomes,
, may evolve (concept drift). Even before labels arrive, warning signs often appear as changes in prediction distributions or calibration.
At the same time, production systems introduce their own dynamics. Queuing, batching, cache behavior, and hardware conditions can affect latency, reliability, and cost. Because these effects only appear under real traffic, debugging deployed models requires treating the...