2. Working with Vectors and Time Series | Learning R for Geospatial Analysis

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Learning R for Geospatial Analysis

By : Michael Dorman

3.9 (7)

Learning R for Geospatial Analysis

3.9 (7)

By: Michael Dorman

Overview of this book

This book is intended for anyone who wants to learn how to efficiently analyze geospatial data with R, including GIS analysts, researchers, educators, and students who work with spatial data and who are interested in expanding their capabilities through programming. The book assumes familiarity with the basic geographic information concepts (such as spatial coordinates), but no prior experience with R and/or programming is required. By focusing on R exclusively, you will not need to depend on any external software—a working installation of R is all that is necessary to begin.

Preface

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Free Chapter

1. The R Environment

1. The R Environment

Installing R and using the command line

Coding with R beyond the command line

Evaluating expressions

Exploring the basic object types in R

Summary

2. Working with Vectors and Time Series

2. Working with Vectors and Time Series

Vectors – the basic data structures in R

Using functions with several parameters

Creating subsets of vectors

Dealing with missing values

Writing new functions

Working with dates and time series

Introducing graphical functions

Summary

3. Working with Tables

3. Working with Tables

Using the data.frame class to represent tabular data

Controlling code execution

Automated calculations using the apply family of functions

Inference from tables by joining, reshaping, and aggregating

Summary

4. Working with Rasters

4. Working with Rasters

Using the matrix and array classes

Data structures for rasters in the raster package

Subsetting rasters

Overlay and reclassification of rasters

Summary

5. Working with Points, Lines, and Polygons

5. Working with Points, Lines, and Polygons

Data structures for vector layers in R

Exploring vector layer properties and subsetting

Geometrical calculations on vector layers

Spatial relations between vector layers

Joining geometries with tabular data

Summary

6. Modifying Rasters and Analyzing Raster Time Series

6. Modifying Rasters and Analyzing Raster Time Series

Changing the spatial extent or resolution of rasters

Raster resampling and reprojection

Filtering and clumping

Topography-related calculations with elevation data

Aggregating spatio-temporal raster data

Summary

7. Combining Vector and Raster Datasets

7. Combining Vector and Raster Datasets

Creating rasters from vector layers

Creating vector layers from a raster

Extracting raster values based on vector layers

Summary

8. Spatial Interpolation of Point Data

8. Spatial Interpolation of Point Data

Spatially interpolating point data

Mapping the annual temperature in Spain

Summary

9. Advanced Visualization of Spatial Data

9. Advanced Visualization of Spatial Data

Plotting with ggplot2 and ggmap

Making 3D plots with lattice

Summary

A. External Datasets Used in Examples

A. External Datasets Used in Examples

B. Cited References

B. Cited References

Index

Index

Using functions with several parameters

A function in R can have more than one parameter. In this section, we are going to get acquainted with supplying several arguments to such functions. At the same time, several new functions that take more than one argument will be introduced.

Supplying more than one argument in a function call

When specifying several arguments in a function, we need to assign each argument to the respective parameter using the usual assignment operator = during the function call, separating the assignment expressions for different parameters with commas.

For example, let's examine the seq function. Its most useful three parameters are from, to, and by (you can see in the function's help page that it has several more parameters). The seq function creates a sequential vector based on the input, as follows:

from: This parameter specifies from where to begin
to: This parameter specifies where to end
by: This parameter specifies the step size

Let's take a look at the following...

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