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  • Book Overview & Buying Swift Functional Programming
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Swift Functional Programming

Swift Functional Programming - Second Edition

By : Nayebi
4.3 (3)
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Swift Functional Programming

Swift Functional Programming

4.3 (3)
By: Nayebi

Overview of this book

Swift is a multi-paradigm programming language enabling you to tackle different problems in various ways. Understanding each paradigm and knowing when and how to utilize and combine them can lead to a better code base. Functional programming (FP) is an important paradigm that empowers us with declarative development and makes applications more suitable for testing, as well as performant and elegant. This book aims to simplify the FP paradigms, making them easily understandable and usable, by showing you how to solve many of your day-to-day development problems using Swift FP. It starts with the basics of FP, and you will go through all the core concepts of Swift and the building blocks of FP. You will also go through important aspects, such as function composition and currying, custom operator definition, monads, functors, applicative functors,memoization, lenses, algebraic data types, type erasure, functional data structures, functional reactive programming (FRP), and protocol-oriented programming(POP). You will then learn to combine those techniques to develop a fully functional iOS application from scratch
Table of Contents (12 chapters)
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Unwrapping optionals


So far, we know that Optionals wrap values in themselves. Wrapping means that the actual data is stored within an outer structure or container (See Higher-kinded types in the previous chapter).

For instance, we print optionalString as follows:

print(optionalString) 

The result will be Optional("A String literal").

How will we unwrap Optionals and use the values that we need? There are different methods to unwrap Optionals that we will go through in the following sections.

Force unwrapping

To unwrap Optionals, the easiest and most dangerous method that we can use is force unwrapping. In short, ! can be used to force unwrap the value from Optional.

The following example forcefully unwraps optionalString:

optionalString = "An optional String" 
print(optionalString!) 

Force unwrapping the Optionals may cause errors if the optional does not have a value, so it is not recommended to use this approach as it is very hard to be sure if we are going to have values in Optionals in different...

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Swift Functional Programming
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