So, I said that SAR applies to a single line of code, but I didn't give you any examples. So here's a single line of code:
x = y + z
y and z in that line are part of the Structure. They're variables that hold some data. To make an analogy: A jug is a structure that holds water. A variable is a structure that holds data.
The numbers that are stored inside y and z are the Input. That's the data that we're doing something with.
+ is an Action: "Add these two numbers."
= is also an Action: "Store the result in x."
And, of course, the Result is the sum of y and z that gets stored in x. If y is 1 and z is 2, then the Result is the number 3, which gets stored in x. (Also note that x is itself a variable and thus also part of the Structure, but that's getting pretty technical.)