Installing third-party libraries

Virtualenv is a Python module which helps to create isolated Python environments for our scripting experiments, which creates a folder with all necessary executable files and modules for a basic Python project.

You can install virtualenv with the following command:

    $ sudo pip install virtualenv

To create a new virtual environment, create a folder and enter the folder from the command line:

$ cd your_new_folder 
$ virtualenv name-of-virtual-environment 

This will initiate a folder with the provided name in your current working directory with all Python executable files and pip library, which will then help to install other packages in your virtual environment.

You can select a Python interpreter of your choice by providing more parameters, such as the following command:

$ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 name-of-virtual-environment 

This will create a virtual environment with Python 2.7. We have to activate it before starting to use this virtual environment:

$ source name-of-virtual-environment/bin/activate

Now, on the left side of the command prompt, the name of the active virtual environment will appear. Any package that you install inside this prompt using pip will belong to the active virtual environment, which will be isolated from all other virtual environments and global installation.

You can deactivate and exit from the current virtual environment using this command:

$ deactivate

Virtualenvwrapper provides a better way to use virtualenv. It also organizes all virtual environments in one place.

To install, we can use pip, but let's make sure we have installed virtualenv before installing virtualwrapper.

Linux and OS X users can install it with the following method:

$ pip install virtualenvwrapper

Also, add these three lines to your shell startup file, such as .bashrc or .profile:

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs 
export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/Devel 
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh 

This will set Devel folder in your home directory as the location of your virtual environment projects.

For Windows users, we can use another package: virtualenvwrapper-win. This can also be installed with pip:

$ pip install virtualenvwrapper-win

To create a virtual environment with virtualwrapper:

$ mkvirtualenv your-project-name

This creates a folder with the provided name inside ~/Envs.

To activate this environment, we can use the workon command:

$ workon your-project-name

This two commands can be combined with the single one as follows:

$ mkproject your-project-name

We can deactivate the virtual environment with the same deactivate command in virtualenv. To delete a virtual environment, we can use the following command:

$ rmvirtualenv your-project-name