There are plenty of ways for you to get your web application to the world out there. But there are additional considerations beyond deploying just the web project. Typically, you would also deploy your database but you wouldn't want your test data in production. You should maintain separate configuration settings so that your project can point to the correct database in each environment.
Visual Studio and ASP.NET Core help you maintain your project files and settings across different environments with simple techniques and conventions. With the help of Microsoft's Azure cloud platform, you can easily deploy your website within seconds and scale it up and down to meet demand.