When you try a new tool, you want to know how it compares with other tools or frameworks. You can find a deep analysis in this regard on the official page of Vue.js: http://vuejs.org/guide/comparison.html . I will just point to some topics that I find important regarding the mostly used frameworks.
React and Vue are really similar. They both use virtual DOM, have reusable components, and are about reactive data. It is worth mentioning, however, that Vue only uses virtual DOM starting from its second major version. Prior to Vue 2.0, it used real DOM. The Vue 2.0 release not only became more performant than Vue 1.0 but it also became more performant than React ( http://vuejs.org/guide/comparison.html#Performance-Profiles ).
The most significant difference is probably the way you create your components in both frameworks. You might already know that in React, everything is JavaScript. Developing everything, even templates, in JavaScript, can actually be good...