Windows has traditionally been the primary platform for developing and hosting .NET applications, but this is changing. However, it is still the most feature-rich development environment as the full version of the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE) has a lot of functionality.
Visual Studio 2017 is the latest version of VS at the time of writing. It supersedes VS 2015 and unfortunately drops support for some versions of Windows. For example, it still supports Windows 7, but the installer will refuse to run on Windows 8. This is because 8.1 is considered a service pack for 8 and you are strongly encouraged by Microsoft to upgrade to 8.1. However, Microsoft will encourage you even more strongly to upgrade to Windows 10, some would say too strongly:
The Long-Term Service Branch (LTSB) of Windows 10 is similarly listed as not supporting Visual Studio. However, the installer won't actually refuse to run and everything will work fine.