Book Image

Data Cleaning and Exploration with Machine Learning

By : Michael Walker
Book Image

Data Cleaning and Exploration with Machine Learning

By: Michael Walker

Overview of this book

Many individuals who know how to run machine learning algorithms do not have a good sense of the statistical assumptions they make and how to match the properties of the data to the algorithm for the best results. As you start with this book, models are carefully chosen to help you grasp the underlying data, including in-feature importance and correlation, and the distribution of features and targets. The first two parts of the book introduce you to techniques for preparing data for ML algorithms, without being bashful about using some ML techniques for data cleaning, including anomaly detection and feature selection. The book then helps you apply that knowledge to a wide variety of ML tasks. You’ll gain an understanding of popular supervised and unsupervised algorithms, how to prepare data for them, and how to evaluate them. Next, you’ll build models and understand the relationships in your data, as well as perform cleaning and exploration tasks with that data. You’ll make quick progress in studying the distribution of variables, identifying anomalies, and examining bivariate relationships, as you focus more on the accuracy of predictions in this book. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to deal with complex data problems using unsupervised ML algorithms like principal component analysis and k-means clustering.
Table of Contents (23 chapters)
1
Section 1 – Data Cleaning and Machine Learning Algorithms
5
Section 2 – Preprocessing, Feature Selection, and Sampling
9
Section 3 – Modeling Continuous Targets with Supervised Learning
13
Section 4 – Modeling Dichotomous and Multiclass Targets with Supervised Learning
19
Section 5 – Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction with Unsupervised Learning

Chapter 4: Encoding, Transforming, and Scaling Features

The first three chapters of this book focused on data cleaning, exploration, and how to identify missing values and outliers. The next few chapters will delve heavily into feature engineering, starting, in this chapter, with techniques to encode, transform, and scale data to improve the performance of machine learning models.

Typically, machine learning algorithms require some form of encoding of variables. Additionally, our models often perform better with scaling so that features with higher variability do not overwhelm the optimization. We will show you how to use different scaling techniques when your features have dramatically different ranges.

Specifically, in this chapter, we will explore the following main topics:

  • Creating training datasets and avoiding data leakage
  • Identifying irrelevant or redundant observations to be removed
  • Encoding categorical features
  • Encoding features with medium or high...