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Oracle 11g R1 / R2 Real Application Clusters Handbook

Book Image

Oracle 11g R1 / R2 Real Application Clusters Handbook

Overview of this book

RAC or Real Application Clusters is a grid computing solution that allows multiple nodes (servers) in a clustered system to mount and open a single database that resides on shared disk storage. Should a single system (node) fail, the database service will still be available on the remaining nodes. RAC is an integral part of the Oracle database setup: one database, multiple users accessing it, in real time. This book will enable DBAs to get their finger on the pulse of the Oracle 11g RAC environment quickly and easily. This practical handbook documents how to administer a complex Oracle 11g RAC environment. It covers all areas of the Oracle 11g R1 RAC environment, with bonus R2 information included, and is indispensable if you are an Oracle DBA charged with configuring and implementing Oracle11g. It presents a complete method for the design, installation, and configuration of Oracle 11g RAC, ultimately enabling rapid administration of Oracle 11g RAC environments.Packed with real-world examples, expert tips, and troubleshooting advice, the book begins by introducing the concept of RAC and High Availability. It then dives deep into the world of RAC design, installation, and configuration, enabling you to support complex RAC environments for real-world deployments. Chapters cover RAC and High Availability, Oracle 11g RAC Architecture, Oracle 11g RAC Installation, Automatic Storage Management, Troubleshooting, Workload Management, and much more. By following the practical examples in the book, you will learn every concept of the RAC environment and how to successfully support complex Oracle 11g R1 and R2 RAC environments for various deployments in real-world situations.

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Oracle 11g R1 / R2 Real Application Clusters Handbook
Jul, 2010 | 676 pages
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Table of Contents (20 chapters)
Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Handbook
Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Handbook
Credits
Credits
About the Authors
About the Authors
About the Reviewers
About the Reviewers
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
High Availability
High Availability
High availability concepts
Fault tolerant systems and high availability
High Availability solutions for Oracle
Summary
2
Oracle 11g RAC Architecture
Oracle 11g RAC Architecture
Oracle 11g RAC architecture
Hardware architecture for Oracle 11g RAC
Network architecture for Oracle 11g RAC
Storage architecture for Oracle 11g RAC
Storage protocols for RAC
Oracle 11g RAC components
New ASM features and RAC
New Oracle 11g ASM Disk Group compatibility features
Summary
3
Oracle 11g RAC Installation
Oracle 11g RAC Installation
What's new in Oracle Clusterware installation and configuration?
Oracle Clusterware installation configuration requirements
Installing Oracle Clusterware 11gR1
Installing Oracle RDBMS software 11gR1
Installing Oracle Clusterware 11gR2
Installing Oracle RDBMS software 11gR2
Installing Oracle RDBMS software 11gR2 RAC ONE Node
Summary
4
Oracle 11g Automatic Storage Management
Oracle 11g Automatic Storage Management
A brief overview of Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Understanding Automatic Storage Management concepts
Automatic Storage Management features in Oracle 11gR1
Automatic Storage Management features in Oracle 11gR2
Summary
5
Managing and Troubleshooting Oracle 11g Clusterware
Managing and Troubleshooting Oracle 11g Clusterware
Oracle 11g RAC Clusterware administration
Managing Oracle 11g Clusterware utilities
Troubleshooting Oracle 11g Clusterware
New features in Oracle 11g R2 Clusterware
Summary
6
RAC Database Administration and Workload Management
RAC Database Administration and Workload Management
RAC database configuration and creation
What's new in Oracle 11g R1 and R2 database?
RAC database administration
Automatic Workload Management
What's new in Oracle 11g services behavior?
Summary
7
Backup and Recovery
Backup and Recovery
Backup and recovery strategies
RMAN new features
OCR and voting disk backup and recovery
Summary
8
Performance Tuning
Performance Tuning
Single-instance database versus parallel database tuning considerations
New Oracle 11g performance tuning features
An overview of Oracle RAC Architecture
Tune Instance recovery in RAC
Analyzing the Cache Fusion impact on RAC performance
Examples of inter-instance communication
Monitoring RAC cluster interconnect performance
Monitoring RAC-specific wait events, global enqueues, and system statistics
Summary
9
Oracle 11g Clusterware Upgrade
Oracle 11g Clusterware Upgrade
Overview of an upgrade
Upgrading Oracle 10gR2 Clusterware to Oracle 11gR1
Upgrading to Oracle 11gR2 Clusterware
Downgrading Oracle Clusterware after an upgrade
Summary
10
Real-world Scenarios
Real-world Scenarios
Adding a new node to an existing cluster
Removing a node from the cluster
Adding an RAC database instance
Deleting an RAC database instance
Converting a single-instance database to an RAC database
Converting a single-instance database to an RAC database
Relocating an RAC database and instances across nodes
Summary
11
Enabling RAC for EBS
Enabling RAC for EBS
EBS architecture
Oracle 11g RAC suitability
Installing EBS 12.1.1
EBS implementation on Oracle 11g RAC
RAC enabling EBS 12.1.1
Summary
12
RAC and ASM for Advanced Users
RAC and ASM for Advanced Users
What types of files does ASM support?
Creating and referencing ASM files in the database
Managing alias names for ASM filenames
Accessing ASM files with the XML DB virtual folder
Using DBMS_FILE transfer utility for ASM
Managing disk group directories
Managing disk group templates
ASM Command-line utility
Deploying ASM using SQL*Plus
Summary
13
ASM 11gR2 New Features
ASM 11gR2 New Features
Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (ASMCA)
Automatic Storage Management Dynamic Volume Manager (ADVM)
Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (ACFS)
ACFS snapshots
ASM Intelligent Data Placement (IDP)
ASMCMD enhancements
Summary
14
Maximum Availability
Maximum Availability
Oracle 11g Streams for RAC
Best practices for Streams in an RAC environment
New features for Streams in Oracle 11gR2
Oracle 11g Data Guard and RAC
New features for Data Guard in Oracle 11gR2
Summary
Additional Resources and Tools for The Oracle RAC Professional
Additional Resources and Tools for The Oracle RAC Professional
Sample configurations
Oracle RAC commands and tips
Operating system-level commands for tuning and diagnosis
Additional references and tips
Clusterware startup sequence for Oracle 11gR2
Log file locations for Oracle 11g RAC and ASM

Clusterware startup sequence for Oracle 11gR2

Understanding how the clusterware startup occurs is critical to the diagnosis and resolution of Oracle RAC problems.

In Unix and Linux operating systems, there is a master daemon process called INIT that functions to start up additional system background processes. The INIT process first spawns the init.ohasd process, which in turn starts up the Oracle High Availability Services Daemon (OHASD). In turn, the OHASD daemon then spawns additional Clusterware processes at each startup level as shown next:

  • Level 1 - OHASD spawns:

    • Cssdagent: Agent responsible for spawning CSSD

    • Orarootagent: Agent responsible for managing all root-owned ohasd resources

    • Oraagent: Agent responsible for managing all Oracle-owned ohasd resources

    • cssdmonitor: Monitors CSSD and node health (along wth the cssdagent)

  • Level 2 - OHASD rootagent spawns:

    • Cluster Ready Services Daemon (CRSD) primary daemon responsible for managing cluster resources

    • Cluster Time Synchronization Services Daemon (CTSSD)

    • Diskmon provides disk monitoring services

    • ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) Drivers

During the second level of startup for Clusterware, the oraagent spawns the following Clusterware processes for 11gR2:

  • MDNSD: Used for DNS lookup

  • GIPCD: Used for inter-process and inter-node communication

  • GPNPD: Grid Plug and Play Profile Daemon

  • EVMD: Event Monitor Daemon

  • ASM: Resource for monitoring ASM instances

  • Level 3 CRSD spawns:

    • orarootagent: Agent responsible for managing all root-owned CRSD resources

    • oraagent: Agent responsible for managing all Oracle-owned CRSD resources

  • Level 4 CRSD rootagent spawns:

    • Network resource: To monitor the public network

    • SCAN VIP(s): Single Client Access Name Virtual IPs

    • Node VIPs: One per node

    • ACFS Registery: For mounting ASM Cluster File system

    • GNS VIP (optional): VIP for GNS

During this phase for Clusterware startup with 11gR2, the oraagent spawns the following processes:

  • ASM Resouce: ASM Instance(s) resource

  • Diskgroup: Used for managing/monitoring ASM diskgroups

  • DB Resource: Used for monitoring and managing the DB and instances

  • SCAN Listener: Listener for single client access name, listening on SCAN VIP

  • Listener: Node listener listening on the Node VIP

  • Services: Used for monitoring and managing services

  • ONS: Oracle Notification Service

  • eONS: Enhanced Oracle Notification Service

  • GSD: For 9i backward compatibility

  • GNS (optional): It is a grid naming service that performs name resolution

In order to view these processes, you can issue the ps command for Linux and Unix. The following diagram shows the startup sequence for the Oracle 11gR2 clusterware:

A more detailed breakdown of the Clusterware sequence for 11gR2 is displayed in the following image:

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