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  • Book Overview & Buying OpenVPN 2 Cookbook
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OpenVPN 2 Cookbook

OpenVPN 2 Cookbook

4.1 (12)
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OpenVPN 2 Cookbook

OpenVPN 2 Cookbook

4.1 (12)
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Overview of this book

Table of Contents (19 chapters)
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OpenVPN 2 Cookbook
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OpenVPN 2 Cookbook
Credits
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Credits
About the Author
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About the Author
About the Reviewers
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About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
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www.PacktPub.com
Preface
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Preface
Lock Free Chapter
1
Point-to-Point Networks
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Point-to-Point Networks
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Introduction
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Shortest setup possible
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OpenVPN secret keys
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Multiple secret keys
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Plaintext tunnel
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Routing
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Configuration files versus the command-line
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Complete site-to-site setup
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3-way routing
2
Client-server IP-only Networks
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Client-server IP-only Networks
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Introduction
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Setting up the public and private keys
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Simple configuration
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Server-side routing
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Using 'client-config-dir' files
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Routing: subnets on both sides
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Redirecting the default gateway
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Using an 'ifconfig-pool' block
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Using the status file
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Management interface
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Proxy-arp
3
Client-server Ethernet-style Networks
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Client-server Ethernet-style Networks
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Introduction
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Simple configuration—non-bridged
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Enabling client-to-client traffic
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Bridging—Linux
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Bridging—Windows
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Checking broadcast and non-IP traffic
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External DHCP server
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Using the status file
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Management interface
4
PKI, Certificates, and OpenSSL
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PKI, Certificates, and OpenSSL
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Introduction
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Certificate generation
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xCA: a GUI for managing a PKI (Part 1)
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xCA : a GUI for managing a PKI (Part 2)
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OpenSSL tricks: x509, pkcs12, verify output
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Revoking certificates
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The use of CRLs
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Checking expired/revoked certificates
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Intermediary CAs
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Multiple CAs: stacking, using --capath
5
Two-factor Authentication with PKCS#11
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Two-factor Authentication with PKCS#11
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Introduction
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Initializing a hardware token
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Getting a hardware token ID
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Using a hardware token
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Using the management interface to list PKCS#11 certificates
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Selecting a PKCS#11 certificate using the management interface
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Generating a key on the hardware token
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Private method for getting a PKCS#11 certificate
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Pin caching example
6
Scripting and Plugins
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Scripting and Plugins
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Introduction
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Using a client-side up/down script
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Windows login greeter
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Using client-connect/client-disconnect scripts
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Using a 'learn-address' script
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Using a 'tls-verify' script
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Using an 'auth-user-pass-verify' script
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Script order
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Script security and logging
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Using the 'down-root' plugin
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Using the PAM authentication plugin
7
Troubleshooting OpenVPN: Configurations
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Troubleshooting OpenVPN: Configurations
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Introduction
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Cipher mismatches
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TUN versus TAP mismatches
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Compression mismatches
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Key mismatches
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Troubleshooting MTU and tun-mtu issues
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Troubleshooting network connectivity
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Troubleshooting 'client-config-dir' issues
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How to read the OpenVPN log files
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Troubleshooting OpenVPN: Routing
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Troubleshooting OpenVPN: Routing
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Introduction
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The missing return route
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Missing return routes when 'iroute' is used
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All clients function except the OpenVPN endpoints
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Source routing
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Routing and permissions on Windows
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Troubleshooting client-to-client traffic routing
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Understanding the 'MULTI: bad source' warnings
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Failure when redirecting the default gateway
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Performance Tuning
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Performance Tuning
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Introduction
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Optimizing performance using 'ping'
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Optimizing performance using 'iperf'
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OpenSSL cipher speed
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Compression tests
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Traffic shaping
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Tuning UDP-based connections
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Tuning TCP-based connections
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Analyzing performance using tcpdump
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OS Integration
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OS Integration
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Introduction
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Linux: using NetworkManager
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Linux: using 'pull-resolv-conf'
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MacOS: using Tunnelblick
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Windows Vista/7: elevated privileges
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Windows: using the CryptoAPI store
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Windows: updating the DNS cache
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Windows: running OpenVPN as a service
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Windows: public versus private network adapters
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Windows: routing methods
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Advanced Configuration
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Advanced Configuration
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Introduction
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Including configuration files in config files
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Multiple remotes and remote-random
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Details of ifconfig-pool-persist
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Connecting using a SOCKS proxy
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Connecting via an HTTP proxy
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Connecting via an HTTP proxy with authentication
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Using dyndns
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IP-less setups (ifconfig-noexec)
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New Features of OpenVPN 2.1 and 2.2
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New Features of OpenVPN 2.1 and 2.2
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Introduction
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Inline certificates
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Connection blocks
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Port sharing with an HTTPS server
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Routing features: redirect-private, allow-pull-fqdn
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Handing out the public IPs
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OCSP support
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New for 2.2: the 'x509_user_name' parameter
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Index
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Index

Multiple remotes and remote-random

OpenVPN has built-in support for automatic failover and load-balancing: if the connection to one OpenVPN server cannot be established, then the next configured server is chosen. The remote-random directive can be used to load-balance many OpenVPN clients across multiple OpenVPN servers. In this recipe, we will set up two OpenVPN servers and then use the remote-random directive to have a client choose either one of the two servers.

Note that OpenVPN does not offer transparent failover, in which case the existing connections are transparently migrated to another server. Transparent failover is much harder to achieve with a VPN setup (not just OpenVPN), as the secure session keys need to be migrated from one server to the other as well. This is currently not possible with OpenVPN.

Getting ready

We use the following network layout:

Set up the client and server certificates using the first recipe from Chapter 2, Client-server IP-only Networks. For this recipe, the...

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