NLP is a subfield in artificial intelligence (AI) that is concerned with the interaction of computers and human languages. As early as the 1950s, scientists were interested in designing intelligent machines that could understand human languages. Early efforts to create a language translator focused on the rule-based approach, where a group of linguistic experts handcrafted a set of rules to be encoded in machines. However, this rule-based approach produced results that were sub-optimal, and, often, it was impossible to convert these rules from one language to another, which meant that scaling up was difficult. For many decades, not much progress was made in NLP, and human language was a goal that AI couldn't reach—until the resurgence of deep learning.
With the proliferation of deep learning and neural networks in the image classification...