Swift is a strongly typed language, which means that every constant and variable is defined with a specific type. Only values of matching types can be assigned to them. So far, we have taken advantage of a feature of Swift called Type Inference. This means that the code does not have to explicitly declare a type if it can be inferred from the value being assigned to it during the declaration.
Without Type Inference, the name variable declaration from before would be written as follows:
var name: String = "Sarah"
This code is explicitly declaring name as the type String with the value Sarah. A constant or variable's type can be specified by adding a colon (:) and a type after its name.
A string is defined by a series of characters. This is perfect for storing text, as in our name example. The reason that we don't need to specify the type is that Sarah is a
string literal. Text surrounded by quotation marks is a string literal and can be inferred to be of the type String....