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ARM?? Cortex?? M4 Cookbook
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Most signals that we encounter in the natural world are continuous; for example, we perceive sound produced by an orchestra as a continuum of intensities ranging from pianissimo (very soft) to fortissimo (very loud). Computers, on the other hand, work with binary quantities that are inherently discrete. The number of discrete values that can be represented depends on the number of bits that are used to represent the quantity (for example, 8 bits can represent 28 discrete values). Computers that are designed to interact with real-world phenomena (for example, sound, light, heat, and so on) need to overcome two problems. Firstly, they need to convert between its physical manifestation and a (continuous) electrical signal, and secondly, they need to convert between the signal's continuous and discrete representation. Returning to our sound example, solving the first problem requires a transducer to convert sound (pressure) waves to electrical signals and vice versa (that is, a...