As we have said, the primary difference between relational and non-relational databases is the way data is stored. Relational data is tabular by nature, and hence stored in tables with rows and columns. Tables can be related to one another and cooperate in data storage as well as swift retrieval.

Data storage in relational databases aims for higher normalization –– breaking up the data into smallest logical tables (related) to prevent duplication and gain tighter space utilization.

While normalization of data leads to cleaner data management, it often adds a little complexity, especially to data management where a single operation may have to span numerous related tables.

Since relational databases are on a single server and partition tolerance is not an option, in terms of the CAP classification they are consistent and accessible.